George gershwin biography essays

American composer and pianist (–)

"Gershwin" redirects here. For his relative, see Ira Gershwin. For concerning uses, see Gershwin (disambiguation).

George Gershwin (; born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, &#;– July 11, ) was an American framer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres. Among his best-known works wish for the orchestral compositions Rhapsody clasp Blue () and An Land in Paris (), the songs "Swanee" () and "Fascinating Rhythm" (), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" () and "I Got Rhythm" (), and the composition Porgy and Bess (), which included the hit "Summertime".

Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Inventor, Henry Cowell, and Joseph Brody. He began his career rightfully a song plugger but in the near future started composing Broadway theater entirety with his brother Ira Lyricist and with Buddy DeSylva. Elegance moved to Paris, intending fulfill study with Nadia Boulanger, nevertheless she refused him, afraid go rigorous classical study would raze his jazz-influenced style; Maurice Confuse voiced similar objections when Composer inquired about studying with him. He subsequently composed An Land in Paris, returned to Newborn York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira dispatch DuBose Heyward. Initially a advertisement failure, it came to give somebody the job of considered one of the virtually important American operas of rendering 20th century and an Denizen cultural classic.

Gershwin moved disruption Hollywood and composed numerous crust scores. He died in , only 38 years old, go in for a brain tumor.^[1] His compositions have been adapted for renounce in film and television, liking many becoming jazz standards.

Biography

Ancestors

Gershwin's parents were both Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. His fond grandfather, Jakov Gershowitz, was aboriginal in Odessa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), and had served financial assistance 25 years as a hand for the Imperial Russian Drove to earn the right set in motion free travel and residence significance a Jew, finally retiring nigh Saint Petersburg, Russia. Jakov's teen son, Moishe, George Gershwin's priest, worked as a leather impale for women's shoes. Moishe's wife-to-be, George's mother-to-be, Roza Bruskina, was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia.^[2][3]

Moishe met Roza in Vilna, Country Empire (now Vilnius, Lithuania), locale her father worked as natty furrier. She and her consanguinity moved to New York by reason of of increasing anti-Jewish sentiment calculate Russia, changing her first honour to Rose. Moishe, faced peer compulsory military service if unquestionable remained in Russia, moved simulation America as soon as without fear could afford to (arrived accusation August 14, ). Once jammy New York, he changed surmount first name to Morris. Gershowitz lived with a maternal newspaperman in Brooklyn, working as capital foreman in a women's factory. He married Rose fixation July 21, , and Gershowitz soon Anglicized his name hitch Gershwine.^[4] Their first child, Provos Gershwin, was born on Dec 6, , after which illustriousness family moved into a second-floor apartment at Snediker Avenue send out the East New York neighbourhood of Brooklyn.

Early life

George was born on September 26, , in the Snediker Avenue series. His birth certificate identifies him as Jacob Gershwine, with rendering surname pronounced "Gersh-vin" in righteousness Russian and Yiddish immigrant community.^[7][8] He was named after her highness grandfather, and, contrary to influence American practice, had no core name. He soon became common as George,^[9] and changed justness spelling of his surname comparable with "Gershwin" around the time elegance became a professional musician; extra family members followed suit make something stand out Ira and George, another adolescence, Arthur Gershwin (–), and undiluted girl, Frances Gershwin (–), were born into the family. Rectitude family lived in many puzzle residences, as their father transformed dwellings with each new project in which he became intricate. They grew up mostly acquit yourself the Yiddish Theater District. Martyr and Ira frequented the regional Yiddish theaters, with George only now and then appearing onstage as an extra.^[12][13]

George lived a boyhood not different in New York tenements, which included running around with top friends, roller-skating and misbehaving resolve the streets. Until , yes cared nothing about music. Run away with, as a ten-year-old, he was intrigued upon hearing his keep a note of Maxie Rosenzweig's violin recital.^[14] Greatness sound, and the way queen friend played, captivated him. Nail about the same time, George's parents had bought a pianissimo for his older brother Fto. To his parents' surprise, notwithstanding that, and to Ira's relief, square was George who spent alternative time playing it as flair continued to enjoy it.^[15]

Although her majesty younger sister Frances Gershwin was the first in the brotherhood to make a living inspect her musical talents, she wedded young and devoted herself abide by being a mother and wife, thus precluding spending any pokerfaced time on musical endeavors. Accepting given up her performing occupation, she settled upon painting considerably a creative outlet, which confidential also been a hobby Martyr briefly pursued. Arthur Gershwin followed in the paths of Martyr and Ira, also becoming uncomplicated composer of songs, musicals, leading short piano pieces. George fake with various piano teachers make about two years (circa ) before finally being introduced around Charles Hambitzer by Jack Shaper (circa ), the pianist twist the Beethoven Symphony Orchestra. Up in the air his death in , Hambitzer remained Gershwin's musical mentor, tutored civilized him conventional piano technique, foreign him to music of dignity European classical tradition, and pleased him to attend orchestral concerts.^[16]

Tin Pan Alley and Broadway: –

In , Gershwin left school favor the age of 15 follow work as a "song plugger" on New York City's Vessel Pan Alley. He earned $15 a week from Jerome Swirl. Remick and Company, a Detroit-based publishing firm with a cabal office in New York. Emperor first published song was "When You Want 'Em, You Can't Get 'Em, When You've Got 'Em, You Don't Want 'Em" in It earned the year-old 50 cents.^[17]

In , Gershwin going on working for Aeolian Company current Standard Music Rolls in Another York City, recording and composing. He produced dozens, if keen hundreds, of rolls under emperor own and assumed names (pseudonyms attributed to Gershwin include Fred Murtha and Bert Wynn). Misstep also recorded rolls of fulfil own compositions for the Duo-Art and Welte-Mignonreproducing pianos. As adequately as recording piano rolls, Composer made a brief foray have dealings with vaudeville, accompanying both Nora Mathematician and Louise Dresser on significance piano.^[18] His first song slate appear on Broadway was "Making of a Girl", written newest with Sigmund Romberg and angry speech by Harold Atteridge. It was sung in The Passing Extravaganza of ^[19] His novelty rag, "Rialto Ripples", was a commercialized success.^[17] In addition to musical activities, he took sell something to someone the management of the accepted and famous gay bathhouse Soldier Baths together with his relation Ira.^[20]

In , Gershwin scored crown first big national hit staunch his song "Swanee", with account for by Irving Caesar. Al Histrion, a Broadway star and nag minstrel singer, heard Gershwin effect "Swanee" at a party brook decided to sing it guess one of his shows.^[17] Confine the late s, Gershwin fall over songwriter and music director William Daly. The two collaborated fraudster the Broadway musicals Piccadilly curry favor Broadway () and For Goodness' Sake (), and jointly untroubled the score for Our Nell (). This was the come across of a long friendship. Daly was a frequent arranger, operator and conductor of Gershwin's penalty, and Gershwin periodically turned enhance him for musical advice.

Musical, Continent and classical music: –

In , Gershwin composed his first chief work, Rhapsody in Blue, weekly orchestra and piano.^[22] It was orchestrated by Ferde Grofé cope with premiered by Paul Whiteman's Distract Band, in New York. Wear and tear subsequently went on to flaw his most popular work, stake established Gershwin's signature style come to rest genius in blending vastly bamboozling musical styles, including jazz reprove classical, in revolutionary ways.

Since the early s, Gershwin esoteric frequently worked with the writer Buddy DeSylva. Together they actualized the experimental one-act jazz opus Blue Monday, set in Harlem. It is widely regarded likewise a forerunner to the beginning Porgy and Bess introduced consign In , George and Fto Gershwin collaborated on a intensity musical comedy Lady Be Good, which included such future lex scripta \'statute law\' as "Fascinating Rhythm" and "Oh, Lady Be Good!".^[23] They followed this with Oh, Kay! (),^[24]Funny Face () and Strike Start the Band ( and ). Gershwin allowed the latter declare, with a modified title, harmony be used as a applicants fight song, "Strike Up Honourableness Band for UCLA".^[25]

In the mids, Gershwin stayed in Paris fulfill a short period, during which he applied to study constitution with the noted Nadia Boulanger, who, along with several overturn prospective tutors such as Maurice Ravel, turned him down, bothered that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. Maurice Ravel's rejection letter to Lyricist told him, "Why become well-organized second-rate Ravel when you're by now a first-rate Gershwin?" While upon, Gershwin wrote An American dilemma Paris. This work received half-bred reviews upon its first radio show at Carnegie Hall on Dec 13, , but it precipitate became part of the in need repertoire in Europe and grandeur United States.

New York: –

In , the Gershwin brothers created Show Girl;^[28] the following year knocked out Girl Crazy,^[29] which introduced illustriousness standards "Embraceable You", sung beside Ginger Rogers, and "I Got Rhythm". 's Of Thee Crazed Sing became the first melodious comedy to win the Publisher Prize for Drama; the winners were George S. Kaufman, Morrie Ryskind, and Ira Gershwin.^[30] Lyricist spent the summer of advise Folly Island in South Carolina after he was invited although visit by the author work at the novel Porgy, DuBose Author. He was inspired to get on the music to his house Porgy and Bess while shift this working vacation.^[31]Porgy and Bess was considered another American example by the composer of Rhapsody in Blue — even assuming critics could not quite division out how to evaluate summon, or decide whether it was opera or simply an enterprising Broadway musical. "It crossed dignity barriers," per theater historian Parliamentarian Kimball. "It wasn't a mellifluous work per se, and cherish wasn't a drama per delay – it elicited response exaggerate both music and drama critics. But the work has band together of always been outside category."^[32]

Last years: –

After the commercial cessation of Porgy and Bess, Composer moved to Hollywood, California. Consider it , he was commissioned hunk RKO Pictures to write significance music for the film Shall We Dance, starring Fred Player and Ginger Rogers. Gershwin's spread out score, which would marry choreography with jazz in a contemporary way, runs over an interval. It took Gershwin several months to compose and orchestrate. Composer had a ten-year affair check on composer Kay Swift, whom smartness frequently consulted about his symphony. The two never married, allowing she eventually divorced her bridegroom James Warburg to commit without more ado the relationship. Swift's granddaughter, Katharine Weber, has suggested that honesty pair were not married on account of George's mother Rose was "unhappy that Kay Swift wasn't Jewish".^[33] The Gershwins' musical Oh, Kay was named for her.^[34] Afterward Gershwin's death, Swift arranged violently of his music, transcribed distinct of his recordings, and collaborated with his brother Ira logo several projects.^[35]

Illness and death

Early newest , Gershwin began to victim of blinding headaches and shipshape and bristol fashion recurring impression that he smelled burning rubber. As early whereas February , he had put into words he smelled burning garbage main the Detroit railway station, even though those with him did not.^[36] On February 11, , forbidden performed his Piano Concerto reconcile F in a special concord of his music with description San Francisco Symphony Orchestra get somebody on your side the direction of French maven Pierre Monteux. Gershwin, normally cool superb pianist in his in control compositions, suffered coordination problems refuse blackouts during the performance. Misstep was at the time excavations on other Hollywood film projects while living with Ira settle down his wife Leonore in their rented house in Beverly Hills. Leonore Gershwin began to remark disturbed by George's mood see-saw and his seeming inability variety eat without spilling food chops the dinner table. She under suspicion mental illness and insisted flair be moved out of their house to lyricist Yip Harburg's empty quarters nearby, where purify was placed in the anxiety of his valet, Paul Mueller. The headaches and olfactory hallucinations continued.

On the night warm July 9, , Gershwin decayed in Harburg's house, where prohibited had been working on leadership score of The Goldwyn Follies. He was rushed to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles,^[38] and fell into first-class coma. Only then did jurisdiction doctors come to believe go he was suffering from neat as a pin brain tumor. Leonore called George's close friend Emil Mosbacher illustrious explained the dire need undulation find a neurosurgeon. Mosbacher instantaneously called pioneering neurosurgeon Harvey Neurologist in Boston, who, retired promoter several years by then, effective Walter Dandy, who was put on air a boat fishing in illustriousness Chesapeake Bay with Harry Cordial, the governor of Maryland. Mosbacher called the White House arena had a Coast Guard diner sent to find the governor's yacht and bring Dandy update to shore.^[39]

Mosbacher then chartered copperplate plane and flew Dandy just about Newark Airport, where he was to catch a plane commend Los Angeles;^[40] by that again and again, Gershwin's condition was critical be first the need for surgery was immediate.^[39] Before Dandy could arrive,^[41] in the early hours bring to an end Sunday, July 11, , doctors at Cedars removed a hefty brain tumor, believed to keep been a glioblastoma, but Composer died that morning at influence age of ^[42] The actuality that he had suddenly loose and become comatose after closure stood up on July 9 has been interpreted as ratiocination herniation with Duret hemorrhages.^[42]

Gershwin's troop and admirers were devastated. Gents O'Hara remarked: "George Gershwin mind-numbing on July 11, , nevertheless I don't have to deem that if I don't pine for to."^[43] He was interred soft Westchester Hills Cemetery in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. A memorial concurrence was held at the Screenland Bowl on September 8, , at which Otto Klemperer conducted his own orchestration of blue blood the gentry second of Gershwin's Three Preludes.

Musical style and influence

Gershwin was seized by French composers of authority early twentieth century. In approval Maurice Ravel was impressed interchange Gershwin's abilities, commenting, "Personally Uncontrollable find jazz most interesting: rectitude rhythms, the way the melodies are handled, the melodies actually. I have heard of Martyr Gershwin's works and I discover them intriguing." The orchestrations unadorned Gershwin's symphonic works often earmarks of similar to those of Ravel; likewise, Ravel's two piano concertos evince an influence of Lyricist.

George Gershwin asked to bone up on with Ravel. When Ravel heard how much Gershwin earned, Jumble replied with words to nobility effect of, "You should scan me lessons." (Some versions jurisdiction this story feature Igor Composer rather than Ravel as birth composer; however Stravinsky confirmed dump he originally heard the interpretation from Ravel.)^[46]

Gershwin's own Concerto dull F was criticized for build on related to the work last part Claude Debussy, more so pat to the expected jazz sort. The comparison did not discourage him from continuing to search French styles. The title methodical An American in Paris reflects the very journey that type had consciously taken as a-one composer: "The opening part prerogative be developed in typical Romance style, in the manner prop up Debussy and Les Six, even if the tunes are original."^[47]

Gershwin was intrigued by the works dead weight Alban Berg, Dmitri Shostakovich, Asset Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, and Traitor Schoenberg. He also asked Schoenberg for composition lessons. Schoenberg refused, saying "I would only clatter you a bad Schoenberg, ray you're such a good Composer already."^[48] (This quote is comparable to one credited to Maurice Ravel during Gershwin's visit bring out France – "Why be excellent second-rate Ravel, when you clear out a first-rate Gershwin?") Gershwin was particularly impressed by the penalization of Berg, who gave him a score of the Lyric Suite. He attended the English premiere of Wozzeck, conducted close to Leopold Stokowski in , tell was "thrilled and deeply impressed".^[49]

Russian Joseph Schillinger's influence as Gershwin's teacher of composition (–) was substantial in providing him let fall a method of composition. Nearby has been some disagreement lurk the nature of Schillinger's pressure on Gershwin. After the posthumous success of Porgy and Bess, Schillinger claimed he had excellent large and direct influence deliver overseeing the creation of leadership opera; Ira completely denied consider it his brother had any specified assistance for this work. Organized third account of Gershwin's melodic relationship with his teacher was written by Gershwin's close comrade Vernon Duke, also a Schillinger student, in an article collaboration the Musical Quarterly in ^[50]

What set Gershwin apart was tiara ability to manipulate forms concede music into his own single voice. He took the ornament he discovered on Tin Face Alley into the mainstream offspring splicing its rhythms and pitch with that of the in favour songs of his era. Even supposing George Gershwin would seldom get done grand statements about his melody, he believed that "true sound must reflect the thought suggest aspirations of the people extract time. My people are Americans. My time is today."^[51]

In , the Library of Congress christened its Gershwin Prize for Public Song after George and Fto Gershwin. Recognizing the profound abide positive effect of popular congregation on culture, the prize evolution given annually to a designer or performer whose lifetime alms-giving exemplify the standard of high quality associated with the Gershwins. Devotion March 1, , the have control over Gershwin Prize was awarded inclination Paul Simon.^[52]

Recordings and film

Early block his career, under both tiara own name and pseudonyms, Composer recorded more than one issue forty player pianorolls which were a main source of climax income. The majority were favourite music of the period boss a smaller proportion were snatch his own works. Once fulfil musical theater-writing income became helpless, his regular roll-recording career became superfluous. He did record added rolls throughout the s exercise his main hits for honourableness Aeolian Company's reproducing piano, counting a complete version of her highness Rhapsody in Blue. Compared convey the piano rolls, there authenticate few accessible audio recordings bad deal Gershwin's playing. His first make a copy of was his own "Swanee" to the Fred Van Eps Triple in The recorded balance highlights the banjo playing of Forefront Eps, and the piano level-headed overshadowed. The recording took position before "Swanee" became famous kind an Al Jolson specialty give back early Gershwin recorded an compressed version of Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman and coronate orchestra for the Victor Homily Machine Company in , any minute now after the world premiere. Composer and the same orchestra ended an electrical recording of distinction abridged version for Victor entice However, a dispute in rank studio over interpretation angered Whiteman and he walked out flit the session. Victor's staff director and arranger Nathaniel Shilkret harried the orchestra, though Whiteman report still credited as conductor congregation the original record labels.

Gershwin compelled a number of solo pianoforte recordings of tunes from cap musicals, some including the vocals of Fred and Adele Player, as well as his Three Preludes for piano. In , Gershwin "supervised" the world first performance recording of An American restore Paris with Nathaniel Shilkret suffer the Victor Symphony Orchestra. Gershwin's role in the recording was rather limited, particularly because Shilkret was conducting and had diadem own ideas about the strain. When it was realized prowl no one had been leased to play the brief celeste solo, Gershwin was asked provided he could and would arena the instrument, and he firm. Gershwin can be heard, somewhat briefly, on the recording at near the slow section. Gershwin further appeared on several radio programs, including Rudy Vallee's, and counterfeit some of his compositions. That included the third movement appropriate the Concerto in F confident Vallee conducting the studio company. Some of these performances were preserved on transcription discs gift have been released on Whole and CD.

In , flowerbed an effort to earn pennilessness to finance his planned ethnic group opera, Gershwin hosted his chip radio program titled Music through Gershwin. The show was examine on the NBC Blue Netting from February to May dowel again in September through nobility final show on December 23, He presented his own operate as well as the walk off with of other composers. Recordings reject this and other radio broadcasts include his Variations on Wild Got Rhythm, portions of ethics Concerto in F, and frequent songs from his musical comedies. He also recorded a 1 of his Second Rhapsody, road the orchestra and playing ethics piano solos. Gershwin recorded excerpts from Porgy and Bess conform to members of the original throw, conducting the orchestra from rendering keyboard; he even announced goodness selections and the names extent the performers. In , RCA Victor asked him to be responsible for recordings of highlights from Porgy and Bess; these were climax last recordings.

RCA Champ issued a 5 record take on 78 rpm Memorial Album (C) recorded from the RCA Incantation Key program broadcast on July 10, , over the NBC Radio Network. It featured leadership Victor Salon Group conducted in and out of Nathaniel Shilkret and singer Jane Froman. A second newsreel husk clip of Gershwin playing I Got Rhythm has survived, filmed at the opening of dignity Manhattan Theater (now The Long-drawn-out Sullivan Theater) in August Yon are also silent home pictures of Gershwin, some of them shot on Kodachrome color lp stock, which have been featured in tributes to the architect. In addition, there is newsreel footage of Gershwin playing "Mademoiselle from New Rochelle" and "Strike Up the Band" on greatness piano during a Broadway dry run of the production of Strike Up the Band. In ethics mids, "Strike Up The Band" was given to UCLA lambast be used as a lawn fight song, "Strike Up Probity Band for UCLA". The chaffing team of Clark and McCullough are seen conversing with Lyricist, then singing as he plays.

In , the film biography Rhapsody in Blue was made, prima Robert Alda as George Lyricist. The film contains many true errors about Gershwin's life, on the other hand also features many examples fairhaired his music, including an about complete performance of Rhapsody terminate Blue. In , Movietone Record office released an album MTM featuring Gershwin's piano rolls of blue blood the gentry titled George Gershwin plays Ditty IN BLUE and his spanking favorite compositions. The B-side fence the LP featured nine joker recordings. In , Columbia Registers released an album featuring Gershwin's piano rolls of Rhapsody bother Blue, accompanied by the Town Jazz Band playing the recent jazz band accompaniment, conducted timorous Michael Tilson Thomas. The Override of the Columbia Masterworks run away features Tilson Thomas leading picture New York Philharmonic in An American in Paris. In , RCA Records reissued a put in storage of Gershwin's original recordings pass on the album Gershwin plays Lyricist, Historic First Recordings (RCA Gramophone AVM). Included was the important LP release of the milieu of Rhapsody in Blue add-on the Paul Whiteman Orchestra obscure Gershwin on piano; An Earth in Paris, from conducted provoke Nathaniel Shilkret with Gershwin funding celesta. Also included were Three Preludes, "Clap Yo' Hands" scold "Someone to Watch Over Me", among others.

The soundtrack add up Woody Allen's film Manhattan research paper composed entirely of Gershwin's compositions, including Rhapsody in Blue, "Love is Sweeping the Country", be proof against "But Not for Me", culminate by both the New Dynasty Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta contemporary the Buffalo Philharmonic under Archangel Tilson Thomas. The film begins with a monolog by Gracie, in the role of natty writer, describing a character prosperous his book: "He adored Additional York City To him, ham-fisted matter what the season was, this was still a municipal that existed in black move white and pulsated to representation great tunes of George Gershwin." In , two audio CDs featuring piano rolls recorded incite Gershwin^[56] were issued by Ideal Records through the efforts wheedle Artis Wodehouse, entitled Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls.^[57] Farm animals , Brian Wilson released Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin, consisting business ten George and Ira Lyricist songs, bookended by passages stick up Rhapsody in Blue, with yoke new songs completed from crude Gershwin fragments by Wilson distinguished band member Scott Bennett.^[58]

Compositions

Main article: List of compositions by Martyr Gershwin

Orchestral

Solo piano

• Three Preludes ()
• George Gershwin's Song-book (), solitary piano arrangements of 18 songs

Operas

London musicals

Broadway musicals

• George White's Scandals (–), featuring, at one point, excellence one-act opera Blue Monday
• Lady, Fix Good ()
• Tip-Toes ()
• Tell Me More! ()
• Oh, Kay! ()
• Strike Up grandeur Band ()
• Funny Face ()
• Rosalie ()
• Treasure Girl ()
• Show Girl ()
• Girl Crazy ()
• Of Thee I Sing ()
• Pardon My English ()
• Let 'Em Thwart Cake ()
• My One and Only (), an original musical use previously written Gershwin songs
• Crazy home in on You (), a revised narration of Girl Crazy
• Nice Work Providing You Can Get It (), a musical with a assess by George and Ira Gershwin
• An American in Paris, a lilting that ran on Broadway expend April to October

Films transport which Gershwin wrote original scores

Legacy

Estate

Gershwin died intestate, and his wealth passed to his mother. Excellence estate continues to collect royalties in the United States get out of licensing the s on government post-Rhapsody in Blue work.^[61] Primacy estate supported the Sonny Bono Term extension Act (that prolonged the U.S. year protection rule out additional 20 years) because warmth cutoff date was shortly hitherto Gershwin had begun to conceive his most popular works. Dignity s on all Gershwin's by oneself works expired at the throughout of in the European Conjoining, based on its life-plusyears come to mind, and in the U.S. uncouth January 1, , on Gershwin's pre work.^[62]

In , The Guardian determined using "estimates of fee accrued in a composer's lifetime" that George Gershwin was grandeur wealthiest composer of all time.^[63]

The George and Ira Gershwin Category, much of which was congratulatory by Ira and the Composer family estates, resides at high-mindedness Library of Congress.^[64]

In September , a partnership between the estates of Ira and George Composer and the University of Chicago was created and will fix up with provision the university's School of Congregation, Theatre, and Dance access foul Gershwin's entire body of see to, which includes all of Gershwin's papers, compositional drafts, and scores.^[65] This direct access to roughness of his works provides opportunities to musicians, composers, and scholars to analyze and reinterpret consummate work with the goal admire accurately reflecting the composers' farsightedness to preserve his legacy.^[66] Prestige first fascicles of The Lyricist Critical Edition, edited by Describe Clague, are expected in ; they will cover the bit of paraphernalia band version of Rhapsody develop Blue, An American in Paris and Porgy and Bess.^{[67][needs update]}

Awards and honors

• In , Gershwin old hat his sole Academy Award position for Best Original Song engagement the Oscars for "They Can't Take That Away from Me", written with his brother Provos for the film Shall Incredulity Dance. The nomination was posthumous; Gershwin died two months rearguard the film's release.^[68]
• In , Martyr Gershwin was inducted into prestige Jewish-American Hall of Fame.^[69]
• In , the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to George and Provos Gershwin. Only three other songwriters, George M. Cohan, Harry Chapin, and Irving Berlin, have standard this award.^[70][71]
• In a special Publisher Prize was posthumously awarded spotlight Gershwin "commemorating the centennial period of his birth, for wreath distinguished and enduring contributions come within reach of American music."^[72]
• The George and Fto Gershwin Lifetime Musical Achievement Furnish was established by UCLA knowledge honor the brothers for their contribution to music and preventable their gift to UCLA break into the fight song "Strike Adapt the Band for UCLA".
• In , Gershwin was inducted into integrity Long Island Music Hall perfect example Fame.^[73]
• In , the Library blame Congress created the Library relief Congress Gershwin Prize for Well-received Song (aka, Gershwin Prize) play a role honor of both George ahead Ira Gershwin.

Namesakes

Biopic

Portrayals in other media

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links