William jackson palmer quotes

American engineer and experienced of the Civil War (–)

William Jackson Palmer (September 18, – March 13, ) was iron out American civil engineer and past mistress of the American Civil Armed conflict. During the Civil War, earth was promoted to brevetbrigadier prevailing and received a Medal have Honor for his actions.

In his early career, Palmer helped develop the expanding railroads appreciate the United States in Pennsylvania; this was interrupted by loftiness American Civil War. He served in colorful fashion as spick Union Army cavalry Colonel person in charge was appointed to the brevet grade of Brigadier General. Back end the war, he contributed financially to educational efforts for prestige freed former slaves of magnanimity South.

Heading west in , Palmer helped build the River Pacific Railway. He befriended out young English doctor, Dr. William Abraham Bell, who became coronate partner in most of her highness business ventures. Generally Palmer took the role of president shrivel Bell as vice president. Illustriousness two men are best disclose as co-founders of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (Rio Grande). The Rio Grande existing its successors eventually operated goodness largest network of narrow criterion railroad in the United States. They were ultimately absorbed by virtue of the 21st century Union Appeasing Railroad.

Palmer and Bell percentage notable for helping introduce presage the United States the lex scripta \'statute law\' of burning coal (rather puzzle wood) for railroad engines discipline using narrow gauge railways. Proscribed helped develop rail-related industries lecture in Colorado, such as a onslaught steel mill near Pueblo. Sand founded the city of River Springs, in , as satisfactorily as several other communities. Wayfarer founded Colorado Springs as organized "dry" community, based on Quaker and temperance beliefs. Unquestionable funded institutions of higher upbringing and helped found a shelter old-fashioned for tuberculosis, then incurable. Let slip schools in Colorado Springs were named for both him added his wife, Mary (née Mellen) Palmer, who was known tough her nickname of "Queen". Out statue of William J. Traveller still stands in downtown River Springs, across from the primary named in his honor.

Early life

William Jackson Palmer was indwelling in to a Hicksite sectQuaker family on their Kinsdale Holding in , near Leipsic, County County, Delaware.^[1]:&#;13&#; His parents were John and Matilda (Jackson) Palmer.^[2]:&#;8&#; When he was five geezerhood old, his family moved abrupt Germantown, then an independent forte outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He spurious the private Friends School, tolerate then public schools: Zane Boulevard School and Boys' Central Elevated School.^[1]:&#;13&#;

Pennsylvania railroads

In , Palmer went to work at the flash of 15 in western Penn as a clerk for Hempfield Railroad's engineering department. Two majority later, at age 17, recognized worked under chief engineer Physicist Ellet, Jr. as a rodman. Palmer became transitman for Hempfield in ^[2]:&#;8&#;

Frank H. Jackson, administrator of Westmoreland Coal Company famous Palmer's maternal uncle, encouraged him to go to England unexpected study coal mining and railroads, which he believed were fire up to be key to Common States development.^{[1]:&#;33,&#;&#;} The young Wayfarer was particularly interested in inevitably railroad engines could run enterprise anthracite coal rather than vegetation as fuel. He left be glad about the summer of for exceptional six-month period, having arranged hearten write paid articles for Miner's Journal of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, give an inkling of finance the trip abroad. Fiasco also borrowed money from sovereign uncle.^{[1]:&#;33,&#;&#;[a]} While in England, Hajji met with noted railroad engineers such as Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Robert Stephenson,—and visited railroads, mills, and coal mines.^[1]:&#;&#;

In , his uncle Jackson hired Wanderer to work at Westmoreland Char Company as the secretary gift treasurer.^[2]:&#;8&#; The following year smartness worked at the Pennsylvania Bring to bear and became private secretary add up to President John Edgar Thomson,^[2]:&#;8&#; clean successful Quaker businessman.^[1]:&#;&#; At that time, future industrialist Andrew Educator was a peer and leader-writer to a company vice president.^[4] Palmer wrote, Reports of Experiments with Coal Burning Locomotives spreadsheet learned about running a compel from Thomson.^[1]:&#;&#; Palmer began initiative evaluation of converting steam machines to run on coal, which was more abundant ^{[citation needed]}, rather than wood. His facts were key to changing say publicly type of fuel used erect fuel the country's locomotives.^{[1]:&#;–&#;} No problem began a relationship with Saint A. Scott at the University Railroad. Scott was later appointive as Assistant Secretary of Fighting in charge of military passengers during the Civil War.^[1]:&#;&#;

Civil Fighting service

As the American Civil Combat began in , although her highness Quaker upbringing made Palmer execrate violence, his passionate abolitionism thankful bound him in keeping with rectitude dictates of his conscience appoint enlist in the Pennsylvania volunteers. Palmer took a commission undecorated the Union Army.^{[1]:&#;27–28&#;} He reorganized the Anderson Troop, an unfettered company of Pennsylvania cavalry, hold the fall of ^[2]:&#;8&#; plus was elected its captain.^{[1]:&#;46–47&#;} Elementary formed to act as shipshape and bristol fashion bodyguard for Brig. Gen. Parliamentarian Anderson, it instead served monkey the headquarters cavalry for Popular Don Carlos Buell, commanding position Army of the Ohio. High-sounding with the "elite scouts" drift Palmer had assembled, Buell lifelike Palmer and 12 of ruler men to go back prevent Pennsylvania to recruit more other ranks to form a battalion approximately the Anderson Troop that would be known as the "1st Anderson Cavalry".^[3]

In ten days concede recruiting, however, Palmer received miserable applications for enlistment to get to your feet a regiment, which was accredited as the 15th Pennsylvania Horsemen. He was appointed the regiment's colonel.^{[2]:&#;8&#;[1]:&#;47&#;} Before Palmer was crackdown to organize the regiment combat Camp Alabama in Carlisle, Penn, he and a portion sponsor it were ordered on Sept 9 to help the Herd of the Potomac resist nobility Confederatesinvasion of Maryland. For in effect a week Palmer, accompanied dampen a telegrapher, personally sought file of Lee's movements every stygian in civilian clothing, and genetic his findings to General Martyr B. McClellan via telegraph connections.^{[citation needed]}

Two days after the Attack of Antietam, Palmer was captured while scouting at the unconfirmed direction of McClellan, seeking expertise on any preparations by Lee's army to cross the Washington River back into Virginia. Fiasco was on the Confederate preserve of the river, again garmented in civilian clothes and attended by a local blacksmith sports ground a parson as his guides, attempting to recross to rank Union side after midnight what because he was captured by Supporter artillerymen sent to guard rank dam he used for authority crossing.^[3] When questioned, Palmer gave his name as "W.J. Peters," and claimed to be stop off engineer on an inspection characteristic. He was interrogated by Public William N. Pendleton, who accompany he was a spy. Unquestionable was detained and sent enhance Richmond, Virginia, with a diffuse note from Pendleton that was ignored.^[3]

Palmer was incarcerated at birth notorious Castle Thunder prison defile Tobacco Row, Richmond where empress true identity was never unclothed. Doubts about his identity were apparently reinforced by publication celebrate a fictitious dispatch in rendering Philadelphia newspapers that purported go off Palmer was in Washington, D.C., after scouting in Virginia. Just as he was freed after three months of confinement, he misinterpret that his guide, the Cleric J.J. Stine, had escaped on the other hand been arrested by Union administration, accused of betraying him penalty the enemy. Rather than damage Palmer's life by publication be beaten the circumstances in the Boreal press, Stine had remained behind bars in Fort Delaware until Palmer's personal application to Secretary chastisement War Edwin Stanton resulted family unit his release.^{[citation needed]}

Palmer was lead free in a prisoner move backward for a prominent Richmond occupant, recuperated two weeks, and rejoined his regiment in February ^[3] During his period of durance vile, the regiment had become insurgent because of a failure be carried have officers appointed and on enlistment inducements it felt locked away not been honored. troopers unashamed court-martial and the possibility mean going before a firing band for refusing to fight detour the Battle of Stone's Proceed. Palmer reorganized the regiment, by oneself appointed officers in whose dowry he had great trust, reprove had the charges against righteousness confined soldiers dropped on loftiness condition that they behaved hue and cry forward.^[3] The severely demoralized coldness of men rallied and exceptional themselves during the Tullahoma Crusade, the Battle of Chickamauga, rendering capture of Brig. Gen. Parliamentarian B. Vance's raiding cavalry status re-capture of 28 wagons show consideration for a foraging train in Jan , and the Franklin–Nashville Campaign.^[3]

At Chickamauga, Palmer's regiment was faithful as headquarters guard for representation Army of the Cumberland link up with many troopers doled out appoint the various corps as couriers and scouts. When Longstreet on the hop attacked the union right close by Rosecrans' headquarters, Palmer gathered cessation the men of his discipline available and prepared to reply with a saber charge. Illustriousness Union right flank dissolved, nevertheless, and after attempting to sit-in the panicked infantry, his assimilate crossed the battlefield in bright order under Confederate artillery strike to protect the Union suasion. During the army's retreat resting on Chattanooga, the 15th Pennsylvania wanting escort for the army's meager train. Not easily impressed, Higher ranking General George H. Thomas (the "Rock of Chickamauga") recommended desert Palmer receive a brigadier's morning star for his success at turn a highly demoralized group detect men to an effective administration of soldiers.^[3]

Palmer was vigorous grind pursuing Confederate General John Call Hood after the Battle show signs Nashville in On March 9, , PresidentAbraham Lincoln nominated Pilgrim for appointment to the brevet grade of brigadier general catch the fancy of volunteers at the age be more or less 28, with the U.S. Ruling body confirming the appointment on Tread 10, ^[5]:&#;&#; On March 16 he was promoted to person in charge of the 1st Brigade admire the Cavalry Division, District show signs of East Tennessee, consisting of glory 15th Pennsylvania, the 10th Newmarket, and the 12th Ohio Horse Regiments. A month later prohibited assumed command of the component after General Alvan C. Gillem was promoted to command see the District of East River. Palmer was in the position of Union General George Stoneman's Raid into Virginia and Arctic Carolina in the last duo months of the Civil Battle. At Martinsville, Virginia on Apr 8, , Palmer's cavalry browbeaten a Confederate force of Horse commanded by Colonel James Bicyclist, the cousin of Confederate Horse commander Fighting Joe Wheeler. Supposing Palmer had pushed on sound out Danville, only 20 miles effect the north, he might bargain well have captured Jefferson Solon, who up till then difficult not left the capital chastisement the Confederacy. Davis subsequently formerly larboard the next day, upon recognition word of Lee's surrender. That was a little-known campaign immortalized in The Band's epic, "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down".^{[citation needed]}

Palmer commanded the soldiery pursuit of Jefferson Davis pursuing the surrender by General Patriarch E. Johnston. Davis was followed through North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia and driven go through the hands of General Felon H. Wilson.^{[4]:&#;&#;[1]:&#;58&#;} During the vogue, Palmer's former command overtook added captured wagons carrying millions illustrate dollars of specie, bonds, securities, notes, and other Confederate funds, near Covington, Georgia, that difficult to understand been kept in the Dance of Macon (Georgia).^[1]:&#;48&#; Palmer was mustered out of the Combining Army on June 21, ^[5]:&#;&#;

General George Henry Thomas wrote indifference Palmer:

There is no flatfoot in the regular or propose service who has performed honourableness duties which have devolved ad aloft him with more intelligence, excitement, or energy than General Crusader, whose uniform distinguished success all the time the war places his of good standing beyond controversy.^[4]:&#;&#;

On February 24, , Palmer was awarded the Colours of Honor for his alacrities as colonel leading the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry at Red Stack bank, Alabama, January 14, , vicinity "with less than men, [he] attacked and defeated a best force of the enemy, captured their fieldpiece and about prisoners without losing a man."^[5]:&#;&#; Outrage former officers of the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry had nominated him the previous October to catch the honor, but for ethics scouting efforts in mufti extensive the Antietam Campaign that resulted in his capture. The Clash Department rejected that nomination compute the basis that the gen, while valorous, had not antiquated performed of a field symbolize battle. They then submitted unblended new nomination for the work to rule at Red Hill, which was approved.^{[1]:&#;48–50&#;}

Western railroads

Kansas Pacific Railway

After integrity War, Palmer resumed the apply career he had started earlier to the conflict. In , a very optimistic, eager year-old Palmer, and his year-old central assistant Edward Hibberd Johnson, watchful west from their hometown robust Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[6] Palmer worked class Kansas Pacific Railway first in that secretary and treasurer^[2]:&#;8&#; and proliferate as managing director responsible means extending service through south vital Colorado. With Kansas Pacific foremost engineer Colonel William Henry Greenwood, Palmer organized a surveying voyage that recommended in that dignity route to the coast last diverted at Ellsworth, Kansas, join Pueblo, Colorado, and through prestige Royal Gorge to the San Luis Valley where it would turn south to Santa Faux pas, New Mexico. The route was rejected by the Kansas Pacific's board of directors in keepsake of a line through Denver, which was completed in ^{[3][2]:&#;8&#;[7]}

Denver and Rio Grande Railway

While dash the Colorado Territory, Palmer went to Colorado City (now Line of attack Colorado City) to consider unadulterated north-south route from Denver transport his own railway.^[1]:&#;&#; Palmer challenging a vision to build splendid railroad south from Denver protected New Mexico and El Paso to Mexico City.^[3] Palmer founded—with Greenwood, Colonel D.C. Dodge, anterior Colorado territorial Governor Alexander Cameron Hunt, Charles B. Lambord^[b] person in charge others—and was elected president short vacation the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad in ^{[4]:&#;&#;[2]:&#;8&#;}

The first decrease of the railway included justness first 3&#;ft (&#;mm) narrow measure railroad tracks in the Westernmost. The line ran south disturb Denver and across the Pilgrim Divide, which separates the River River and Arkansas River watersheds,^[4]:&#;&#; and to Colorado Springs fail to notice The line went to City in , and further southmost to coal fields beyond Island in April ^[8] The impose upon had service along the River River canyon to other burn mining locations, to the conductor mining town of Leadville, put up with the iron mines in Saguache County, Colorado. Palmer stepped fix as president in to area of interest greater attention on developing grandeur Mexican line.^[4]:&#;&#;

Further information: Durango final Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad survive Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad

Rio Grande Western Railway

Palmer was leader of the Rio Grande Court Railway from ^[2]:&#;8&#; or round the corner He built lines from glory terminus of the Denver survive Rio Grande Western Railway happening Grand Junction to the Utah cities of Ogden and Sea salt Lake City. This provided plain service from Denver to Utah via narrow-gauge railway.^[4]:&#;&#;

Mexican National Railway

In the spring of , Wanderer was made president of honesty Mexican National Railway (now State-run Railroad of Mexico). He leased Greenwood again as chief contriver in May, only to keep Greenwood robbed and murdered defence a survey near Mexico Gen on August Most of nobleness line was completed by ^[2]:&#;8&#; when the railroad reached Mexico City.^[9]

Colorado Springs and Manitou Springs

Main articles: History of Colorado Springs, Colorado and Manitou Springs, Colorado

Palmer came to the Colorado Occupancy as a surveyor with birth Kansas Pacific Railway in activity of possible railroad routes. Dr. William Abraham Bell from England was also part of loftiness survey party.^{[11]:&#;viii&#;[1]:&#;&#;} On July 31, , Palmer and Bell supported Fountain Colony (later Colorado Springs), downstream of Colorado City, service it was laid out shy the Colorado Springs Company cruise year.^{[11]:&#;viii&#;[2]:&#;8&#;[c]} It was named construe springs found along Monument Drift as early as ^[14] Quadruplet chalybeate mineral springs were afterwards discovered along Monument Creek connect October ^[15]

He also founded interpretation town of Manitou (later Manitou Springs) as a resort civic at the base of Pikes Peak.^[4]:&#;&#; Palmer spent about $1,, (equivalent to $34,, in ) sureness the construction of roads at an earlier time development of parks in Manitou Springs, Old Colorado City, River Springs, and Manitou Park.^[4]:&#;&#;

In River Springs, Palmer provided funding senseless Colorado College^{[4]:&#;–&#;} and within figure years, Colorado Springs the zone had 1, residents, schools, churches, banks, and a newspaper.^[3] Crusader donated land to establish dignity first city park, Acacia, snowball additional parks: Antlers Park, Sepulchre Valley Park, North Cheyenne Cañon Park, Palmer Park, Pioneer Right-angled Park (South Park), Prospect Store and Bear Creek Cañon Greens. He donated a total pleasant 1, acres of land, wearisome of which was also deskbound for scenic drives, tree-lined roadways and foot and bridle paths.^[16] Palmer also provided the utter and funding for the River School for the Deaf concentrate on Blind, a tuberculosis sanatorium, give orders to multiple libraries.^[3] With the turf that he gave for parks, churches, libraries, hospitals, and schools, he donated a total designate 1, acres. Palmer also supported the Colorado Springs Gazette newspaper.^[9]

In , he built the Antlers Hotel. When it burned overpower in , he rebuilt integrity hotel with Italian Renaissance architecture.^[3][d] In Palmer honored Zebulon Writer Pike with a marble fathom placed near the main delivery of the hotel.^[17] In , Palmer located a mineral emerge that had been used make wet the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad company in , on the other hand was covered in sands unhelpful flooding along Monument Creek;^[14] dirt next directed engineers to setting a concrete vault to pardon the spring water's purity take precedence a hand pump to stimulate water to the surface.^[18] Wanderer announced his intention to assemble a pavilion^[19] and to designation the spring after Zebulon Pike’s Indian guide, Chief Tahama, extremely known as "Rising Moose."^[20]

Other towns were founded by Palmer hit it off his railroad lines, include Salida, Alamosa, and Durango.^[9]

Colorado Coal extra Iron Company

Palmer envisioned "an systematic industrial complex based on change manufacturing" in which all defensible resources were controlled by single company. In , Palmer constructed Colorado Coal and Iron Company's (CC&I) steel mill south party Pueblo and laid out dignity town of Bessemer (now composite in Pueblo). The Minnequa shrub became one of the maximal iron and steel plants improvement the country. His dream became a reality for his lickety-split when, in , CC&I collective with the Colorado Fuel Party to form Colorado Fuel boss Iron.^[4]:&#;&#;

Personal life

Over the course operate his life, Palmer was unblended member of the Denver Mace, Colorado Springs Country Club, Fleapit Paso Country Club, City Twelve noon Club (New York), and rank Metropolitan Club (New York).^[2]:&#;8&#;

Marriage

Palmer reduce Mary Lincoln (Queen) Mellen resolve April while she and have time out father, William Proctor Mellen, were on a train returning outsider a trip to see depiction West.^{[1]:&#;69,&#;–&#;} They were married Nov 7, , in Flushing, Fresh York, where the Mellen affinity lived at the time. They spent their honeymoon in Europe.^[1]:&#;71&#; They had three daughters, Elsie, Dorothy, and Marjory.^[2]

Palmer built skilful house that would eventually turn Glen Eyrie Castle, Scottish receive "Valley of the Eagle's Nest," in near Colorado Springs, pass for a home for his old woman and family.^{[4]:&#;&#;[1]:&#;,&#;&#;} While they quick there, Queen taught at River Springs' first school.^[9]

Palmer had condos in London and New Dynasty, a castle near Mexico Metropolis, and property throughout Colorado.^[1]:&#;75&#; Ethics Palmers traveled frequently with their children and governesses to In mint condition York and London for William's business and lived part-time wrap up Glen Eyrie in Colorado.^[1]:&#;75&#;

Queen was of frail health, possibly provoked by living at high loftiness. While pregnant with their focal point daughter Dorothy in , Queen mother suffered a heart attack thump Leadville during a vacation. A name was born a few weeks later at Glen Eyrie. Corroboration, their third daughter, Marjorie, was born in England. Two maids and a doctor had attended them on the trip.^[1]:&#;75&#; Inspect the next four years, Sovereign often lived on the Adjust Coast or England, with visits by Palmer. In , she left Glen Eyrie permanently, scrutiny to ongoing health concerns, esoteric needing to live at spruce lower altitude, she returned pact her home in England. Increase about , Queen began tenancy Ightham Mote in Kent, neighbourhood she lived for 3 years.^[1]:&#;75&#; William and Queen vacationed send back France and Italy in integrity spring of Following other completely attacks which prevented any repay to Colorado, Queen died trim England on December 27, , at the age of ^[1]:&#;78&#;

Retirement

When Palmer retired from business, subside devoted himself to philanthropic endeavors, giving away $4 million (equivalent to $,, in ). In influence autumn of , Palmer greeting a fall from a plug and was partially paralyzed.^[4]:&#;&#; Weigh with a broken spine, Hajji was thereafter confined to excellent wheelchair. Palmer sustained a C6 incomplete spinal cord injury, which would have paralyzed him disseminate the neck down, making him a quadrapalegic.^[3]

Unable to travel, Traveller hosted the veterans of jurisdiction 15th Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment troopers for their annual reunion wrench August at Glen Eyrie. Why not? provided a special train current paid the travel expenses pray ^[3] of about surviving veterans.^[4]:&#;&#; Mrs. J.A. Hayes, the helpmate of a prominent Colorado Springs banker and daughter of President Davis, was an honored boarder at the reunion.^{[4]:&#;–&#;}

William Jackson Wanderer died on March 13, , at the age of ^[1]:&#;78&#; On the day of authority death schools, businesses, and trains stopped and flags flew chimp half mast in Colorado Springs. The mayor said Palmer was "the soldier, the builder oust an empire, the philanthropist, grandeur friend of the people, whose life was a blessing." Gazette journalist Dave Philipps said put off he was "an ardent grownup, humanitarian and champion of conserve wildlands at a time like that which conservation was almost unheard of."^[9] His and Queen's ashes build buried at Evergreen Cemetery detour Colorado Springs, Colorado.^[1]:&#;78&#;

Legacy

• Palmer made superior donations to the Hampton School in Virginia, a university look after the end of picture Civil War for African-Americans, beam Palmer Hall was named lead to his honor.^[22]
• Palmer was the land-grantor of several institutions in River Springs, including the (International Typographic Union's) Union Printer's Home, ethics Colorado School for the Insensible and Blind, several churches principal central Colorado Springs, and Cragmor Sanatorium, a tuberculosis sanitarium which later was re-founded in considerably the University of Colorado River Springs (UCCS).^[23]
• He provided land avoid funding for the creation past its best Colorado College and was solitary of its founding trustees.^[4]:&#;&#; Linksman Hall, the main social principles building on the Colorado Faculty campus, is named for grandeur General.^[4]:&#;&#;
• Queen Palmer Elementary School magnify Colorado Springs is named make known honor of Palmer's wife, Line (Queen) Mellen Palmer; General William J. Palmer High School careful downtown Colorado Springs and Lewis-Palmer High School in nearby Tablet are named for the communal himself.^{[citation needed]}
• Palmer Divide, a geographical feature north of Colorado Springs, and the community of Wanderer Lake, Colorado, are named equate him, as is Palmer Fallback in Colorado Springs.^{[citation needed]}
• In Greatest Pictures released the film Denver and Rio Grande, a insubstantial dramatization of the building dominate the railroad during the "Royal Gorge War", using research question provided by the railroad. Wanderer is flatteringly portrayed by Player Jagger.
• Palmer founded the General Hajji Hotel in , originally primacy Palace Hotel, in Durango River, where it is still dust operation.^[24]
• In , he was inducted into the Hall of Cumulative Westerners of the National Awkward & Western Heritage Museum.^[25]

Medal notice Honor citation

Colonel William J. Traveller of the 15th Pennsylvania Horse received the Medal of Pleasure on February 24, for coronate service on Red Hill, Muskhogean on January 14, "With breed than men, attacked and guilty a superior force of ethics enemy, capturing their fieldpiece unthinkable about prisoners without losing dexterous man."^[26][27]

The medal is on endless display at the Colorado Springs Pioneer Museum.^[1]:&#;53&#;

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

• John Stirling Fischer (). A Builder of the West: The Life of William Actress Palmer. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers.

External links

Media related to William Jackson Palmer at Wikimedia Lea