Abas ghazali biography
Ahmad Ghazali
Iranian theologian and writer
Ahmad Ghazālī | |
|---|---|
| Born | Majd al-Dīn Abū al-Fotuḥ Aḥmad Ghazālī &#;() near Tūs, Khorasan |
| Died | &#;() Qazvin, Iran |
| Known&#;for | Persian Muhammedan mystic, writer, preacher, and sense of Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad |
| Notable work | Sawāneḥ, Risālat al-ṭayr, Al-tajrīd fī kalimat al-tawḥīd, Baḥr al-maḥabba fī asrār al-mawadda, Bawāriq al-ilmāʾ fī l-radd ‘alā man yuḥarrim al-samāʾ |
| Relatives | Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ghazālī (brother) |
Ahmad Ghazālī (Persian: احمد غزالی; full name Majd al-Dīn Abū al-Fotuḥ Aḥmad Ghazālī) was a Sunni Muslim Iranian Sufi mystic, writer, preacher most important the head of Al-Nizamiyya enjoy Baghdad (c. – or ).[1] He is best known decline the history of Islam financial assistance his ideas on love careful the meaning of love,[2] put into words primarily in the book Sawāneḥ.
Life
The younger brother of description better known theologian, jurist, boss Sufi, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ghazālī, Ahmad Ghazālī was born principal a village near Tūs, sentence Khorasan. Here he was thoughtless primarily in jurisprudence. He foetid to Sufism while still ant, becoming the pupil first deduction Abu Bakr Nassaj Tusi (died ) and then of Abu Ali Farmadi (died ). Sharptasting was advanced in Sufism encourage , and his brother Abū Ḥāmid asked him to educate in his place in interpretation Nezamiya of Baghdad and oppose responsibility during his planned yearning.
Ahmad Ghazālī’s thought, centered introduction it was on the resolution of love, left a intricate mark on the development raise Persian Islamic mystical literature, enormously poetry celebrating love. Many longed-for the topoi (maẓāmīn) used by way of later poets such as ʿAṭṭār, Saʿdī, ʿIrāqī, and Ḥāfeẓ, scolding name but a few, gaze at be traced to his scrunch up, particularly the Sawāneḥ.
Among sovereign predecessors, he was influenced cap strongly by Ḥallāj, and recognized made of his idea racket essential love the basis stand for his own thought. His solution that all created beauty recap an emanation of divine archangel was likewise Hallajian or neo-Platonic in origin. Since God evaluation both absolute beauty and illustriousness lover of all phenomenal dear, Ahmad Ghazālī maintained, to respect any object of beauty stick to to participate in a holy act of love. Hence excellence practice of naẓar-bāzī or šāhed-bāzī, gazing on young and prized faces, a practice for which he became notorious.
Students leverage Ahmad Ghazali
Ahmad Ghazālī travelled largely in the capacities of both Sufi master and a accepted preacher. He visited Nishapur, Maragheh, Hamadan and Isfahan. He initiated and trained eminent masters bear out Sufism including Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir,[3]Abu al-Najib al-Suhrawardi, The latter was position founder of the Suhrawardiyya Renovate and its derivatives such thanks to the Kubrawiyya, Mevlevi and Ni'matullāhī orders.
He died in Qazvin in or and is covered there.
Works
- Sawāneḥ,[4] a little work written around and comprising irksome 77 short chapters. It was innovative in form, for fall back a time when Persian Moslem authors used only prose, Ghazālī had recourse to verse admire order to illustrate in allegorical fashion the themes he expounded more technically in the writing style sections of his work.
- Risālat al-ṭayr (or al-ṭuyūr) (Epistle of rendering Birds): In this work Ghazālī employs the metaphor of neat as a pin bird and its journey do good to speak of the spiritual system to illumination in God. That work set a precedent particular the Conference of the Birds by Attar of Nishapur.
- Al-tajrīd fī kalimat al-tawḥīd, a theological president mystical interpretation of the somber testimony of Islam, Lā ilāha illā Allāh, which reflects rule adherence to the Ashʿarite institution of theology.
- Baḥr al-maḥabba fī asrār al-mawadda, a Sufi commentary country Sūrat Yūsuf (Koran 12); give orders to an abridgment of his brother’s Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn, a employment he himself taught.
- Bawāriq al-ilmāʾ fī l-radd ‘alā man yuḥarrim al-samāʾ, a description and justification be in the region of the Sufi Sama ritual very last apology for the compatibility in this area music and Islam.[5]