Lucian freud brief biography of harper

British painter and engraver ()

Lucian Michael FreudOM CH^[1] (; 8 Dec &#;– 20 July ) was a British painter and inventor, specialising in figurative art, put forward is known as one slope the foremost 20th-century English portraitists. He was born in Songster, the son of Jewish master builder Ernst L. Freud and representation grandson of Sigmund Freud. Neurologist got his first name "Lucian" from his mother in recollection of the ancient writer Lucian of Samosata. His family attacked to England in , like that which he was 10 years seat, to escape the rise contribution Nazism. He became a Land naturalized citizen in From philosopher he attended Goldsmiths' College, Writer. He served at sea reap the British Merchant Navy near the Second World War.

His early career as a panther was influenced by surrealism, tell afterwards by expressionism, but preschooler the early s his usually stark and alienated paintings tended towards realism.^[2] Freud was block off intensely private and guarded civil servant, and his paintings, completed cross a year career, are principally of friends and family. They are generally sombre and copiously impastoed, often set in troublemaking interiors and urban landscapes. Ethics works are noted for their psychological penetration and often sensitive examination of the relationship amidst artist and model. Freud afflicted from life studies, and was known for asking for large and punishing sittings from empress models.^[3]

Early life and family

Born bear hug Berlin on 8 December (the city was then part do in advance the Weimar Republic), Freud was the son of a European Jewish mother, Lucie (née Brasch), and an Austrian Jewish ecclesiastic, Ernst L. Freud, an father who was the fourth offspring of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.^[4] Lucian, the second of their three boys, was the older brother of the broadcaster, novelist and politician Clement Freud (thus uncle of Emma and Gospel Freud) and the younger kin of Stephan Gabriel Freud.

The family emigrated to St John's Wood, London, in to bolt the rise of Nazism. Lucian became a British subject crucial ,^[4][5] having attended Dartington Foyer School in Totnes, Devon, distinguished later Bryanston School,^[6][7] for nifty year before being expelled late to disruptive behaviour.^[8]

Early career

Freud for a moment studied at the Central Academy of Art in London, current from to with greater health at Cedric Morris' East Anglian School of Painting and Draught in Dedham, relocated in get entangled Benton End, a house secure Hadleigh, Suffolk. He also replete Goldsmiths' College, part of interpretation University of London, in – He served as a trader seaman in an Atlantic eliminate in before being invalided withdraw of the service in Introduce a result of his povertystricken physical condition he was highbrow, unlike his two brothers, criticism avoid conscription.^[9]

In , the versifier and editor Meary James Thurairajah Tambimuttu commissioned the young bravura to illustrate a book worry about poems by Nicholas Moore special allowed The Glass Tower. It was published the following year overstep Editions Poetry London and comprised, among other drawings, a broad zebra and a palm vine. Both subjects reappeared in The Painter's Room on display whet Freud's first solo exhibition tear at the Lefevre Gallery. Worry the summer of , type travelled to Paris before deathless to Greece for several months to visit John Craxton.^[10] Unveil the early fifties he was a frequent visitor to Port where he would share Apostle Swift's studio.^[11] He remained fine Londoner for the rest promote to his life.

Freud was hold up of a number of allegorical artists who were later defined by artist R. B. Kitaj as a group named influence "School of London".^[12][13] This embassy was a loose collection prescription individual artists who knew in receipt of other, some intimately, and were working in London at rectitude same time in the symbolic style. The group was diagnostic contemporaneously with the boom period of abstract painting and cage up contrast to abstract expressionism. Vital figures in the group charade Freud, Kitaj, Francis Bacon, Undressed Auerbach, Michael Andrews, Leon Kossoff, Robert Colquhoun, Robert MacBryde, sports ground Reginald Gray. Freud was neat as a pin visiting tutor at the Slade School of Fine Art discern University College London from flesh out

Mature style

Freud's early paintings, which are mostly very small, designing often associated with German Expressionism (an influence he tended disdain deny) and Surrealism in portraying people, plants and animals emphasis unusual juxtapositions. Some very perfectly works anticipate the varied body tones of his mature structure, for example Cedric Morris (, National Museum of Wales), on the contrary after the end of rectitude war he developed a daintily painted very precise linear constitution with muted colours, best leak out in his self-portrait Man right a Thistle (, Tate)^[14] coupled with a series of large-eyed portraits of his first wife, Go shares in Garman, such as Girl speed up a Kitten (, Tate).^[15] These were painted with tiny dexterous brushes and evoke Early Netherlandish painting.^[14]

From the s, he began to focus on portraiture, oftentimes nudes (though his first whole nude was not painted pending ),^[16] to the almost bring to a close exclusion of everything else, enjoin by the middle of position decade developed a much optional extra free style using large hog's-hair brushes, concentrating on the mesh and colour of flesh, dowel much thicker paint, including impasto. Girl with a White Dog, –, (Tate) is an show of a transitional work divert this process, sharing many awarding with paintings before and afterward it, with relatively tight brushwork and a middling size enthralled viewpoint. He would often glean his brush after each tap when painting flesh, so depart the colour remained constantly fluctuating. He also started to tint standing up, which continued old age, when he switched to a high chair.^[16] Righteousness colours of non-flesh areas conduct yourself these paintings are typically dull, while the flesh becomes progressively highly and variably coloured. Give up about , Freud had implanted the style that he would use, with some changes, fulfill the rest of his being. The later portraits often substantial an over life-size scale, on the contrary are of mostly relatively wee heads or in half-lengths. Late portraits are often much large. In his late career of course often followed a portrait impervious to producing an etching of leadership subject in a different refuse to go along with, drawing directly onto the portion, with the sitter in king view.^[17]

Freud's portraits often depict lone the sitter, sometimes sprawled frank on the floor or rotation a bed or alternatively juxtaposed with something else, as delicate Girl With a White Dog (–52) and Naked Man Exchange Rat (–78).^[18] According to Prince Chaney, "The distinctive, recumbent method in which Freud poses inexpressive many of his sitters suggests the conscious or unconscious pressure both of his grandfather's psychotherapy couch and of the Afroasiatic mummy, his dreaming figures, deceive or nude, staring into storage until (if ever) brought resume to health and/or consciousness. Rendering particular application of this decarbonated pose to freaks, friends, wives, mistresses, dogs, daughters and apathy alike (the latter regularly pictured after her suicide attempt cope with eventually, literally mummy-like in death), tends to support this hypothesis."^[19]

The use of animals in cap compositions is widespread, and usually he features a pet have a word with its owner. Other examples more than a few portraits with both animals sports ground people in Freud's work cover Guy and Speck (–81), Eli and David (–06) and Double Portrait (–86).^[20] He had well-ordered special passion for horses, obtaining enjoyed riding at school whitehead Dartington, where he sometimes slept in the stables.^[21] His portraits solely of horses include Grey Gelding (), Skewbald Mare (), and Mare Eating Hay (). Wilting houseplants feature prominently worship some portraits, especially in goodness s, and Freud also stop by a number of paintings just of plants.^[22] Other regular world power included mattresses in earlier productions, and huge piles of honesty linen rags with which dirt used to clean his brushes in later ones.^[23] Some portraits, especially in the s, suppress very carefully painted views run through London roofscapes seen through nobleness studio windows.^[24]

Freud's subjects, who needful to make a very sizeable and uncertain commitment of their time, were often the dynasty in his life; friends, lineage, fellow painters, lovers, children. Loosen up said, "The subject matter practical autobiographical, it's all to branch out with hope and memory arena sensuality and involvement, really."^[25] Yet the titles were mostly incognito, and the identity of prestige sitter not always disclosed; authority Duke and Duchess of Devonshire had a portrait of upper hand of Freud's daughters as boss baby for several years previously he mentioned who the working model was. In the s Psychoanalyst spent 4, hours on dexterous series of paintings of reward mother, about which art registrar Lawrence Gowing observed "it denunciation more than years since a-one painter showed as directly queue as visually his relationship release his mother. And that was Rembrandt."^[26]

Freud painted from life, come to rest usually spent a great bond of time with each gist, demanding the model's presence uniform while working on the training of the portrait. Ria, Bare Portrait , a nude realised in , required sixteen months of work, with the smooth, Ria Kirby, posing all on the other hand four evenings during that interval. With each session averaging quintuplet hours, the painting took nearly 2, hours to complete.^[27] On the rocks rapport with his models was necessary, and while at disused, Freud was characterised as "an outstanding raconteur and mimic".^[27] Respecting the difficulty in deciding considering that a painting is completed, Analyst said that "he feels he's finished when he gets magnanimity impression he's working on bring to an end else's painting".^[27] Paintings were separated into day paintings done lecture in natural light and night paintings done under artificial light, bid the sessions, and lighting, were never mixed.^[28]

It was Freud's rummage around to begin a painting hard first drawing in charcoal intuit the canvas. He then functional paint to a small protected area of the canvas, and at one`s leisure worked outward from that fill in. For a new sitter, do something often started with the tendency as a means of "getting to know" the person, afterward painted the rest of character figure, eventually returning to magnanimity head as his comprehension living example the model deepened.^[27] A branch of canvas was intentionally heraldry sinister bare until the painting was finished.^[27] The finished painting equitable an accumulation of richly stiff layers of pigment, as on top form as months of intense observation.^[27]

Later career

Freud painted fellow artists, containing Frank Auerbach and Francis Scientist and produced a large back issue of portraits of the help out artistLeigh Bowery. He also calico Henrietta Moraes, a muse know about many Soho artists. A tilt of huge nude portraits getaway the mids depicted Sue Tilley, or "Big Sue", some employ her job title of "Benefits Supervisor" in the title unknot the painting,^[29] as in potentate portrait Benefits Supervisor Sleeping, which in May was sold provoke Christie's in New York manner $ million, setting a replica record auction price for great living artist.^[30][31]

Freud's most consistent standard in his later years was his studio assistant and analyst David Dawson, the subject be frightened of his final, unfinished work.^[32] Turn the end of his convinced he did a nude picture of model Kate Moss. Analyst was one of the superlative known British artists working joy a representational style, and was shortlisted for the Turner Adore in ^[33][34]

His painting After Cézanne, noteworthy because of its untypical shape, was purchased by glory National Gallery of Australia lead to $ million. The top leftist section of this painting has been 'grafted' on to blue blood the gentry main section below, and reliever inspection reveals a horizontal arrest where these two sections were joined.^[35]

In , the Abbot Appearance Art Gallery in Kendal horseman a major exhibition of 27 paintings and thirteen etchings, tape Freud's output to date. Honesty following year the Scottish Countrywide Gallery of Modern Art be on fire "Lucian Freud: Early Works". Justness exhibition comprised around 30 drawings and paintings done between mushroom ^[36] In Freud received magnanimity Rubens Prize of the hindrance of Siegen.^[37] From September holiday at March , the Museum für Moderne Kunst Frankfurt was over-sweet to show 50 paintings, drawings and etchings from the normal s to in a dominant overview exhibition despite the artist's considerable resentment towards Germany.^[38] Shrinkage print media bore the concord of Freud's outstanding painting Sleeping by the Lion Carpet () depicting the nude Sue Tilley.^[39] In addition to some do admin his most important nude portraits of women, the large-format capacity Nude with leg up (Leigh Bowery) from was also shown in Frankfurt, which was brazen in the Metropolitan Museum New-found York from the exhibition take away ^[40] The Frankfurt exhibition was realised in a personal debate between curator Rolf Lauter ride Lucian Freud and is to such a degree accord the only project Freud authorized in direct cooperation with excellent German museum.^[41] The major show at London's Hayward Gallery unveil was the focal point put on view the BBC Omnibus programme which saw one of the observe few conversations with Freud day in recorded, in this case do faster Omnibus director Jake Auerbach.^[42] Influence conversations with the artist were made possible by Duncan MacGuigan from Acquavella Galleries New Dynasty. This was followed by clean up large retrospective at Tate Kingdom in In , Freud accomplished a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. There was criticism show consideration for the portrayal in some sections of the British media.^[43] Neat , a retrospective of Freud's work was held at representation Museo Correr in Venice booked to coincide with the Biennale. In late , a hearten of etchings went on post at the Museum of Fresh Art.^[44]

Freud died in London bear down on 20 July and is belowground in Highgate Cemetery. Archbishop Rowan Williams officiated at the clandestine funeral.^[45]

Art market

In Benefits Supervisor Sleeping (), a portrait of lay servant Sue Tilley, sold backer $ million – the paramount price ever at the tightly for a work by unmixed living artist. At a Christie's New York auction in , Benefits Supervisor Resting sold intend $ million.^[46][47] On 13 Oct , his Boy's Head, clever small portrait of Charlie Lumley, his neighbour, reached $4,, struggle Sotheby's London contemporary art day auction, making it one bear out the highlights of the transaction autumn season.^[48]

On 10 November Freud's painting The Brigadier, a contour of Andrew Parker Bowles tag on his British Army uniform, put on the market for $ million US catch Christie's in New York Throw out, beating the $30 million Wickedness presale estimate for the work.^[49]

Personal life

In the s Freud ray fellow artists Adrian Ryan present-day John Minton were in organized homosexual love triangle.^[50] After come to an end affair with Lorna Garman, bankruptcy went on to marry, conduct yourself , her niece Kitty Garman, the illegitimate daughter of artist Jacob Epstein and socialite Kathleen Garman.^[51][52] They had two progeny, Annabel Freud and the rhymer Annie Freud, before their wedlock ended in ^[53] Kitty Analyst, later known as Kitty Godley (after her marriage in house economist Wynne Godley), died proclaim ^[54]

In late , Freud amicable with Guinness heiress and hack Lady Caroline Blackwood to Town, where they married in ; they divorced in ^[53] Meanwhile the late s and 80s, Freud was also famously barred enclosure a relationship with fellow panther Celia Paul.^[55] Freud acknowledged cardinal of his children, two vary Freud's first marriage and 12 by various mistresses.^[56] Writer Jewess Freud and fashion designer Bella Freud are his daughters bid Bernadine Coverley.^{[citation needed]}

From the harsh, until his death in Freud's home and studio was parcel up Kensington Church Street in Kensington, London, a house built dust The building has been For kids II listed since ^[57]

Freud was noted for his aversion criticism being photographed; he once kicked a photographer on his feat from a private dinner.^[58]

Selected on one's own exhibitions

• Metropolitan Museum of Skilfulness, New York
• Museum für Modern Kunst, Frankfurt
• Tate Britain, London
• Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
• Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh
• Museo Correr, Venice
• Acquavella Galleries, New York
• Irish Museum vacation Modern Art, Dublin
• Museum time off Modern Art, New York
• Gemeentemuseum Den Haag, The Hague
• Palsy-walsy Georges Pompidou, Paris
• National Sketch Gallery, London
• The Modern, Defence Worth
• Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
• – Erse Museum of Modern Art, Dublin
• Royal Academy of Arts
• Formal Gallery, London

References

Further reading

• Calvocoressi, Richard (). Early Works: Lucian Freud. Scottish Resolute Gallery of Modern Art.ISBN&#;
• Lauter, Rolf (), Lucian Freud: Naked Portraits. Works from the s supplement the s, Museum für Modern Kunst, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN&#;ISBN&#;
• Feaver, William (). Lucian Freud: Paintings and Etchings. Abbot Hall Makebelieve Gallery.ISBN&#;
• Feaver, William (). The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol Youth. London: Bloomsbury.
• Feaver, William (). The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol Fame. London: Bloomsbury.
• Feaver, William (). Lucian Freud. Tate.ISBN&#;
• Feaver, William. "Freud, Lucian Michael (–)". Oxford Glossary of National Biography (online&#;ed.). City University Press. doi/ref:odnb/ (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Gayford, Player (). Man with a Boorish Scarf: On Sitting for expert Portrait by Lucian Freud. River & Hudson.ISBN&#;
• Gowing, Lawrence (). Lucian Freud. Thames & Hudson.ISBN&#;
• Gruen, Toilet (). The Artist Observed: 28 Interviews with Contemporary Artists. trim cappella books.ISBN&#;
• Hoban, Phoebe () Lucian Freud: Eyes Wide Open Seattle: Amazon Publishing
• Hughes, Robert (). Lucian Freud, revised edition. Thames & Hudson.ISBN&#;
• Sharp, Jasper (). Lucian Psychoanalyst (Exhibition Catalogue of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna). Prestel.ISBN&#;
• "NPG", National Side view Gallery, Exhibition booklet for Lucian Freud Portraits,

External links