Alexandre dumas pere biography of barack

French writer and dramatist (–)

This article is about the Gallic writer and dramatist. For surmount son, see Alexandre Dumas fils. For other uses, see Alexandre Dumas (disambiguation).

Alexandre Dumas^[a] (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie,^[b] 24 July – 5 December ),^[1][2] also known as Alexandre Writer père,^[c] was a French hack and playwright.

His works possess been translated into many languages and he is one draw round the most widely read Gallic authors. Many of his sequential novels of adventure were pioneer published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. Since high-mindedness early 20th century, his novels have been adapted into all but films. Prolific in several genres, Dumas began his career invitation writing plays, which were with flying colours produced from the first. Why not? wrote numerous magazine articles stake travel books; his published complex totalled , pages.^[3] In prestige s, Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris.

His pa, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy short holiday la Pailleterie, was born pressure the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, unornamented French nobleman, and Marie-Cessette Writer, an African slave.^[4][5] At boon 14, Thomas-Alexandre was taken fail to see his father to France, spin he was educated in fine military academy and entered position military for what became proposal illustrious career.

Alexandre acquired groove with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, then as a writer, excellent career that led to circlet early success. Decades later, name the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in , Dumas fell stranger favour and left France reawaken Belgium, where he stayed ask several years. He moved posture Russia for a few geezerhood and then to Italy. Put in the bank , he founded and available the newspaper L'Indépendent, which backed Italian unification. He returned hit Paris in

English playwright Theologist Phillips, who knew Dumas featureless his later life, described him as "the most generous, enormous being in the world. Take steps also was the most kindly amusing and egotistical creature sketch the face of the deceive. His tongue was like orderly windmill – once set cloudless motion, you would never bring up to date when he would stop, even more if the theme was himself."^[6]

Birth and family

Dumas Davy de compass Pailleterie (later known as Alexandre Dumas) was born in affluent Villers-Cotterêts in the department remark Aisne, in Picardy, France. Forbidden had two older sisters, Marie-Alexandrine (born ) and Louise-Alexandrine (–).^[7] Their parents were Marie-Louise Élisabeth Labouret, the daughter of prolong innkeeper, and Thomas-Alexandre Dumas.

Thomas-Alexandre had been born in significance French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), the mixed-race, natural equal of the marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie (Antoine), a French nobleman and général commissaire in the artillery stir up the colony, and Marie-Cessette Writer, an enslaved woman of Afro-Caribbean ancestry. The two extant valuable documents that state a folk identity for Marie-Cessette Dumas pertain to her as a "négresse" (a black woman) as averse to a "mulâtresse" (a spouse of visible mixed race).^[8][9] Service is unknown whether Marie-Cessette was born in Saint-Domingue or well-off Africa, nor is it systematic from which African people she had ancestry.^[10][11][12] What is get out is that, sometime after chic estranged from his brothers, Antoine purchased Marie-Cessette and her female child from a previous relationship need "an exorbitant amount" and plain Marie-Cessette his concubine. Thomas-Alexandre was the only son born fall upon them, but they had match up or three daughters.

In , following the death of both his brothers, Antoine left Saint-Domingue for France in order surrounding claim the family estates settle down the title of Marquis. Before long before his departure, he advertise Marie-Cessette and their two spawn (Adolphe and Jeanette), as work as Marie-Cessette's oldest daughter Marie-Rose (whose father was a iciness man) to a baron who had recently come from Metropolis to settle in Saint Domingue. Antoine however retained ownership bring into the light Thomas-Alexandre (his only natural son) and took the boy plus him to France. There, Thomas-Alexandre received his freedom and practised sparse education at a force school, adequate to enable him to join the French flock, there being no question have a phobia about the mixed-race boy being recognised as his father's heir. Thomas-Alexandre did well in the Gray and was promoted to common by the age of 31, the first soldier of Afro-Antilles origin to reach that collaborate in the French army.^[13]

The kindred surname ("de la Pailleterie") was never bestowed upon Thomas-Alexandre, who therefore used "Dumas" as king surname. This is often preempted to have been his mother's surname, but in fact, rank surname "Dumas" occurs only soon in connection with Marie-Cessette, endure that happens in Europe, during the time that Thomas-Alexandre states, while applying supportive of a marriage licence, that mother's name was "Marie-Cessette Dumas". Some scholars have suggested turn this way Thomas-Alexandre devised the surname "Dumas" for himself when he change the need for one, mount that he attributed it tip off his mother when convenient. "Dumas" means "of the farm" (du mas), perhaps signifying only renounce Marie-Cessette belonged to the region property.^[14]

Career

While working for Louis-Philippe, Alexandre Dumas began writing articles form magazines and plays for primacy theatre. As an adult, sharp-tasting used the surname of Author, as his father had power as an adult.^[15] His crowning play, Henry III and Top Court, produced in when closure was 27 years old, reduction with acclaim. His second marker, Christine, was equally popular leadership next year. These successes gave him sufficient income to transcribe full-time.

In , Dumas participated in the Revolution that ousted Charles X and replaced him with Dumas's former employer, class Duke of Orléans, who ruled as Louis-Philippe, the Citizen Produce a result. Until the mids, life detainee France remained unsettled, with irregular riots by disgruntled Republicans avoid impoverished urban workers seeking alternate. As life slowly returned style normal, the nation began accede to industrialize. An improving economy occluded with the end of monitor censorship made the times enriching for Alexandre Dumas's literary facility.

After writing additional successful plays, Dumas switched to writing novels. Although attracted to an overthetop lifestyle and always spending alternative than he earned, Dumas reliable to be an astute advertise strategist and writer. As newspapers were publishing many serial novels, he began producing these. Cap first serial novel was La Comtesse de Salisbury; Édouard III (July-September ). In , Author rewrote one of his plays as a successful serial true novel, Le Capitaine Paul ('Captain Paul'), partly based on dignity life of the Scottish-American oceanic officer John Paul Jones.

He founded a production studio, staffed with writers who turned expire hundreds of stories, all dealings to his personal direction, modification, and additions. From to , Dumas, with the assistance rule several friends, compiled Celebrated Crimes, an eight-volume collection of essays on famous criminals and crimes from European history. He featured Beatrice Cenci, Martin Guerre, Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia, as well enough as more recent events take criminals, including the cases honor the alleged murderers Karl Ludwig Sand and Antoine François Desrues, who were executed. Dumas collaborated with Augustin Grisier, his evasiveness master, in his novel, The Fencing Master. The story practical written as Grisier's account draw round how he came to eyewitness the events of the Decembrist revolt in Russia. The narration was eventually banned in State by Czar Nicholas I, abide Dumas was prohibited from blight the country until after greatness Czar's death. Dumas refers instantaneously Grisier with great respect impede The Count of Monte Cristo, The Corsican Brothers, and counter his memoirs.

Dumas depended cut down numerous assistants and collaborators, achieve whom Auguste Maquet was righteousness best known. It was shriek until the late twentieth hundred that his role was evidently understood.^[16] Dumas wrote the surgically remove novel Georges (), which uses ideas and plots later perennial in The Count of Cards Cristo. Maquet took Dumas difficulty court to get authorial acceptance and a higher payment tick off for his work. He was successful in getting more pennilessness, but not a by-line.^[16][17]

Dumas's novels were so popular that they were soon translated into Straightforwardly and other languages. His handwriting earned him a great partnership of money, but he was frequently insolvent, as he dog-tired lavishly on women and extravagant living. (Scholars have found drift he had a total spot 40 mistresses.^[18]) In , settle down had built a country habitation outside Paris at Le Port-Marly, the large Château de Monte-Cristo, with an additional building fulfill his writing studio. It regularly was filled with strangers bracket acquaintances who stayed for prolonged visits and took advantage recognize his generosity. Two years adjacent, faced with financial difficulties, recognized sold the entire property.

Dumas wrote in a wide diversity of genres and published dialect trig total of , pages underneath his lifetime.^[3] He made bountiful of his experience, writing squash books after taking journeys, with those motivated by reasons different than pleasure. Dumas travelled predict Spain, Italy, Germany, England tolerate French Algeria. After King Louis-Philippe was ousted in a insurrection, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was elected prexy. As Bonaparte disapproved of goodness author, Dumas fled in goslow Brussels, Belgium, which was further an effort to escape coronate creditors. In about , stylishness moved to Russia, where Sculpturer was the second language slope the elite and his facts were enormously popular. Dumas tired two years in Russia delighted visited St. Petersburg, Moscow, Metropolis, Astrakhan, Baku, and Tbilisi. Unquestionable published travel books about Empire.

In March , the realm of Italy was proclaimed, opposed to Victor Emmanuel II as closefitting king. Dumas travelled there attend to for the next three stage participated in the movement broadsheet Italian unification. He founded person in charge led a newspaper, Indipendente. Childhood there, he befriended Giuseppe Nationalist, whom he had long loved and with whom he communal a commitment to liberal self-governing principles as well as attachment within Freemasonry.^[19][20] Returning to Town in , he published score books about Italy.

Despite Dumas's aristocratic background and personal health, he had to deal coworker discrimination related to his mixed-race ancestry. In , he wrote the short novel Georges, which addressed some of the issues of race and the personalty of colonialism. His response harangue a man who insulted him about his partial African descent has become famous. Dumas said:

My father was a mulatto, my grandfather was a Flagitious, and my great-grandfather a ass. You see, Sir, my consanguinity starts where yours ends.^[21][22]

Personal life

On 1 February , Dumas joined actress Ida Ferrier (born Marguerite-Joséphine Ferrand) (–).^[23] They did gather together have any children together.

Dumas had numerous liaisons with following women; the scholar Claude Schopp lists nearly 40 mistresses.^[18] Significant is known to have fathered at least four children by way of them:

• Alexandre Dumas, fils (–), son of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (–), a dressmaker. He became dexterous successful novelist and playwright.
• Marie-Alexandrine Author (–), daughter of Belle Kreilsamner (–) who acted under goodness stage name of Melanie Serre.
• Henry Bauër (–), son of Anna Bauër, a German of Mortal faith, wife of Karl-Anton Bauër, an Austrian commercial agent provision in Paris
• Micaëlla-Clélie-Josepha-Élisabeth Cordier (born ), daughter of Emélie Cordier, swindler actress

About , Dumas had arrive affair with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American actress who was less than half his motivation and at the height always her career. She had executed her sensational role in Mazeppa in London. In Paris, she had a sold-out run bring in Les Pirates de la Savanne and was at the heart of her success.^[24]

With Victor Novelist, Charles Baudelaire, Gérard de Nerval, Eugène Delacroix and Honoré show off Balzac, Dumas was a contributor of the Club des Hashischins, which met monthly to application hashish at a hotel shoulder Paris. Dumas's The Count fall foul of Monte Cristo contains several references to hashish.^[25]

Death and legacy

On 5 December , Dumas died level the age of 68 exclude natural causes, possibly a starting point attack. He was buried take care his birthplace of Villers-Cotterêts sediment the department of Aisne. Climax death was overshadowed by high-mindedness Franco-Prussian War. Changing literary fashions decreased his popularity. In picture late 20th century, scholars much as Reginald Hamel and Claude Schopp have caused a cumbersome reappraisal and new appreciation signify his art, as well translation finding lost works.^[3]

In , come up against the centenary of his swallow up, the Paris Métro named efficient station in his honour. King country home outside Paris, grandeur Château de Monte-Cristo, has antique restored and is open friend the public as a museum.^[26]

Researchers have continued to find Writer works in archives, including influence five-act play The Gold Thieves, found in by the academic Réginald Hamel&#;[fr] in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. It was published in France in harsh Honoré-Champion.^[3]

Frank Wild Reed (–), clean up New Zealand pharmacist who not in any way visited France, amassed the central point collection of books and manuscripts relating to Dumas outside Author. The collection contains about 3, volumes, including some 2, family in Dumas's handwriting and lots of French, Belgian and Fairly first editions. The collection was donated to Auckland Libraries puzzle out his death.^[27] Reed wrote excellence most comprehensive bibliography of Dumas.^[28][29]

In , for the bicentenary make public Dumas's birth, French PresidentJacques Chirac held a ceremony honouring honesty author by having his fail re-interred at the mausoleum dear the Panthéon, where many Romance luminaries were buried.^[3][18] When Chirac ordered the transfer to birth mausoleum, villagers in Dumas's hometown of Villers-Cotterets were initially demurring, arguing that Dumas laid snatch in his memoirs that prohibited wanted to be buried approximately. The village eventually bowed focus on the government's decision, and Dumas's body was exhumed from tight cemetery and put into smart new coffin in preparation promulgate the transfer.^[30] The proceedings were televised: the new coffin was draped in a blue velvettextured cloth and carried on elegant caisson flanked by four horseman Republican Guards costumed as depiction four Musketeers. It was on cloud nine through Paris to the Panthéon.^[15] In his speech, Chirac said:

With you, we were D'Artagnan, Monte Cristo, or Balsamo, moving along the roads of Writer, touring battlefields, visiting palaces beginning castles—with you, we dream.^[31]

Chirac highly praised the racism that had existed in France and said ramble the re-interment in the Pantheon had been a way insensible correcting that wrong, as Alexandre Dumas was enshrined alongside boy great authors Victor Hugo focus on Émile Zola.^[31][32] Chirac noted drift although France has produced innumerable great writers, none has anachronistic so widely read as Author. His novels have been translated into nearly languages, and lyrical more than motion pictures.

In June , Dumas's last latest, The Knight of Sainte-Hermine, was published in France featuring representation Battle of Trafalgar. Dumas asserted a fictional character killing Monarch Nelson (Nelson was shot illustrious killed by an unknown sniper). Writing and publishing the newfangled serially in , Dumas locked away nearly finished it before climax death. It was the bag part of the Sainte-Hermine three times as much. Claude Schopp, a Dumas pundit, noticed a letter in require archive in that led him to discover the unfinished preventable. It took him years attack research it, edit the prepared portions, and decide how cause problems treat the unfinished part. Schopp finally wrote the final two-and-a-half chapters, based on the author's notes, to complete the story.^[18] Published by Éditions Phébus, instant sold 60, copies, making inner parts a best seller. Translated puncture English, it was released come to terms with as The Last Cavalier, pivotal has been translated into opposite languages.^[18] Schopp has since establish additional material related to high-mindedness Sainte-Hermine saga. Schopp combined them to publish the sequel Le Salut de l'Empire in ^[18]

Works

Fiction

Christian history

• Acté of Corinth; or, Class convert of St. Paul. tidy tale of Greece and Rome. (), a novel about Leaders, Nero, and early Christianity.
• Isaac Laquedem (–53, incomplete)

Adventure

Alexandre Dumas wrote many stories and historical chronicles break on adventure. They included the following:

• The Countess of Salisbury (La Comtesse de Salisbury; Édouard III, ), his first serial contemporary published in volume in
• Captain Paul (Le Capitaine Paul, )
• Othon the Archer (Othon l'archer )
• Captain Pamphile (Le Capitaine Pamphile, )
• The Fencing Master (Le Maître d'armes, )
• Castle Eppstein; The Spectre Mother (Chateau d'Eppstein; Albine, )
• Amaury ()
• The Corsican Brothers (Les Frères Corses, )
• The Black Tulip (La Tulipe noire, )
• Olympe de Cleves (–52)
• Catherine Blum (–54)
• The Mohicans discovery Paris (Les Mohicans de Paris&#;[fr], )
• Salvator (Salvator. Suite et in order des Mohicans de Paris, –)
• The Last Vendee, or the She-Wolves of Machecoul (Les louves hiss Machecoul, ), a romance (not about werewolves).
• La Sanfelice (), provide evidence in Naples in
• Pietro Princedom, sua moglie Maria Oliverio bitter i loro complici, (), modification appendix to Ciccilla by Peppino Curcio.
• The Prussian Terror (La Terreur Prussienne, ), set during blue blood the gentry Seven Weeks' War.

Fantasy

In addition, Author wrote many series of novels:

Monte Cristo

1. Georges (): The sympathizer of this novel is fastidious man of mixed race, spruce rare allusion to Dumas's fine African ancestry.
2. The Count of Cards Cristo (Le Comte de Monte-Cristo, –46)

Louis XV

1. The Conspirators (Le player d'Harmental, ) adapted by Saul Ferrier for an opéra comique by Messager.
2. The Regent's Daughter (Une Fille du régent, ). Follow-up to The Conspirators.

The D'Artagnan Romances

The d'Artagnan Romances:

1. The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires, )
2. Twenty Majority After (Vingt ans après, )
3. The Vicomte de Bragelonne, sometimes hailed Ten Years Later (Le Vicomte de Bragelonne, ou Dix vehicle plus tard, ). When publicised in English, it was as a rule split into three parts: The Vicomte de Bragelonne (sometimes labelled Between Two Kings), Louise offer la Valliere, and The Mortal in the Iron Mask, staff which the last part laboratory analysis the best known.

Related books

1. Louis Cardinal and His Century (Louis Cardinal et son siècle, )
2. The Women's War (La Guerre des Femmes, ): follows Baron des Canolles, a naïve Gascon soldier who falls in love with digit women.
3. The Count of Moret; Honesty Red Sphinx; or, Richelieu mushroom His Rivals (Le Comte second Moret; Le Sphinx Rouge, –66) -

4. The Dove - rank sequel to Richelieu and Authority Rivals

The Valois romances

The Valois were the royal house of Author from to , and visit Dumas romances cover their novel. Traditionally, the so-called "Valois Romances" are the three that characterize the Reign of Queen Flower, the last of the Dynasty. Dumas, however, later wrote quatern more novels that cover that family and portray similar noting, starting with François or Francis I, his son Henry II, and Marguerite and François II, sons of Henry II swallow Catherine de' Medici.

1. La Reine Margot, also published as Marguerite de Valois ()
2. La Dame intimidating Monsoreau () (later adapted style a short story titled "Chicot the Jester")
3. The Forty-Five Guardsmen () (Les Quarante-cinq)
4. Ascanio (). Written guess collaboration with Paul Meurice, suggest is a romance of Francis I (–), but the central character is Italian artist Benvenuto Cellini. The opera Ascanio was based on this novel.
5. The Bend over Dianas (Les Deux Diane, ), is a novel about Archangel, comte de Montgomery, who painfully wounded King Henry II roost was lover to his damsel Diana de Castro. Although accessible under Dumas's name, it was wholly or mostly written mass Paul Meurice.^[33]
6. The Page of excellence Duke of Savoy, () in your right mind a sequel to The Flash Dianas (), and it pillowcases the struggle for supremacy halfway the Guises and Catherine notable Médicis, the Florentine mother make out the last three Valois kings of France (and wife fence Henry II). The main sixth sense in this novel is Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy.
7. The Horoscope: a romance of the power of François II (), eiderdowns François II, who reigned awaken one year (–60) and properly at the age of

The Marie Antoinette romances

The Marie Antoinette romances comprise eight novels. Honourableness unabridged versions (normally chapters minorleague more) comprise only five books (numbers 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8); the short versions (50 chapters or less) matter eight in total:

1. Joseph Balsamo (Mémoires d'un médecin: Joseph Balsamo, –48) (a.k.a. Memoirs of topping Physician, Cagliostro, Madame Dubarry, The Countess Dubarry, or The Sovereign remedy of Life). Joseph Balsamo high opinion about pages long, and obey usually published in two volumes in English translations: Vol 1. Joseph Balsamo and Vol 2. Memoirs of a Physician. Prestige long unabridged version includes authority contents of book two, Andrée de Taverney; the short curtailed versions usually are divided call in Balsamo and Andrée de Taverney as completely different books.
2. Andrée drive down Taverney, or The Mesmerist's Victim
3. The Queen's Necklace (Le Collier put money on la Reine, (−)
4. Ange Pitou () (a.k.a. Storming the Bastille figurative Six Years Later). From that book, there are long entire versions which include the subject of book five, but round are many short versions consider it treat "The Hero of honourableness People" as a separated volume.
5. The Hero of the People
6. The Sovereign Life Guard or The Soaring of the Royal Family.
7. The Equal de Charny (La Comtesse attack Charny, –). As with further books, there are long filled versions which include the list of book six; but distinct short versions that leave listing in The Royal Life Guard as a separate volume.
8. Le Arrogant de Maison-Rouge () (a.k.a. The Knight of the Red House, or The Knight of Maison-Rouge)

The Sainte-Hermine trilogy

1. The Companions of Jehu (Les Compagnons de Jehu, )
2. The Whites and the Blues (Les Blancs et les Bleus, )
3. The Knight of Sainte-Hermine (Le Player de Sainte-Hermine, ). Dumas's latest novel, unfinished at his get, was completed by scholar Claude Schopp and published in ^[34] It was published in Bluntly in as The Last Cavalier.

Robin Hood

These were a translation lay out Pierce Egan the Younger's Robin Hood and Little John, at the start published in England in

1. The Prince of Thieves (Le Ruler des voleurs, , posthumously). Scale Robin Hood (and the feeling for the film The Monarch of Thieves).
2. Robin Hood the Outlaw (Robin Hood le proscrit, , posthumously). Sequel to Le Potentate des voleurs

Drama

Although best known telling as a novelist, Dumas leading earned fame as a screenwriter. His Henri III et sa cour () was the be in first place of the great Romantic authentic dramas produced on the Town stage, preceding Victor Hugo's a cut above famous Hernani (). Produced concede the Comédie-Française and starring prestige famous Mademoiselle Mars, Dumas's hurl was an enormous success put forward launched him on his activity. It had 50 performances ritual the next year, extraordinary argue the time. Dumas's works included:

• The Hunter and the Lover ()
• The Wedding and the Funeral ()
• Henry III and His Court ()
• Christine – Stockholm, Fontainebleau, with the addition of Rome ()
• Napoleon Bonaparte or Cardinal Years of the History symbolize France ()
• Antony ()&#;&#; a drama familiarize yourself a contemporary Byronic hero&#;&#; is accounted the first non-historical Romantic display. It starred Mars' great emulator Marie Dorval.
• Charles VII at decency Homes of His Great Vassals (Charles VII chez ses grands vassaux, ). This drama was adapted by the Russian designer César Cui for his work The Saracen.
• Teresa ()
• La Tour con Nesle (), a historical melodrama
• The Memories of Anthony ()
• The Rolls museum of France: Isabel of Bavaria ()
• Kean (), based on birth life of the notable cluster English actor Edmund Kean. Frédérick Lemaître played him in nobility production.
• Caligula ()
• Miss Belle-Isle ()
• The Countrified Ladies of Saint-Cyr ()
• The Prepubescence of Louis XIV ()
• The Spirit of the Night – Justness Pirate () (with Gérard picket Nerval, Bernard Lopez, and Conqueror Sejour)
• The Gold Thieves (after ): an unpublished five-act play. Service was discovered in by nobility Canadian scholar Reginald Hamel, who was researching in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. The evolve was published in France cloudless by Honoré-Champion. Hamel said wind Dumas was inspired by far-out novel written in by top mistress Célèste de Mogador.^[3]

Dumas wrote many plays and adapted a sprinkling of his novels as dramas. In the s, he supported the Théâtre Historique, located write off the Boulevard du Temple layer Paris. The building was scruffy after by the Opéra State (established by Adolphe Adam of great magnitude ). It was renamed interpretation Théâtre Lyrique in

Non-fiction

Dumas was a prolific writer of factual. He wrote journal articles attack politics and culture and books on French history.

His selfish Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine (Great Dictionary of Cuisine) was in print posthumously in , and many editions of it are all the more in print today. A composition of encyclopaedia and cookbook, breach reflects Dumas's interests as both a gourmet and an connoisseur cook. An abridged version (the Petit Dictionnaire de cuisine, gaffe Small Dictionary of Cuisine) was published in

He was besides known for his travel penmanship. These books included:

• Impressions edge voyage: En Suisse (Travel Impressions: In Switzerland, )
• Une Année à Florence (A Year in Florence, )
• De Paris à Cadix (From Paris to Cadiz, )
• Le Véloce: Tangier a Tunis (Tangier nurture Tunis, –47), –
• Montevideo, ou sting nouvelle Troie, (The New Troy), inspired by the Great of Montevideo
• Le Journal de Madame Giovanni (The Journal of Madame Giovanni, )
• Travel Impressions in honourableness Kingdom of Napoli/Naples Trilogy:
  • Impressions of Travel in Sicily (Le Speronare (Sicily – ),
  • Captain Arena (Le Capitaine Arena (Italy – Aeolian Islands and Calabria – ),
  • Impressions of Move round in Naples (Le Corricolo (Rome – Naples – ),
• Travel Impressions in Russia – Suggest Caucase Original edition: Paris
• Adventures in Czarist Russia, or Strip Paris to Astrakhan (Impressions partial voyage: En Russie; De Town à Astrakan: Nouvelles impressions state-owned voyage (), –
• Voyage to loftiness Caucasus (Le Caucase: Impressions reserve voyage; suite de En Russie (), –
• The Bourbons of Naples (Italian: I Borboni di Napoli, ) (7 volumes published through Italian newspaper L'Indipendente, whose selfopinionated was Dumas himself).^[35][36]

Dumas Society

French historiographer Alain Decaux founded the "Société des Amis d'Alexandre Dumas" (The Society of Friends of Alexandre Dumas) in As of August&#;^[update] its president is Claude Schopp.^[37] The purpose in creating that society was to preserve ethics Château de Monte-Cristo, where honesty society is currently located. Justness other objectives of the State are to bring together fans of Dumas, to develop ethnical activities of the Château eruption Monte-Cristo, and to collect books, manuscripts, autographs and other capital on Dumas.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Bell, A. Craig (). Alexandre Dumas: A Story and Study. London: Cassell & Co.
• Gorman, Herbert (). The Astounding Marquis, Alexandre Dumas. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. OCLC&#;
• Hemmings, F.W.J. (). Alexandre Dumas, the Reworked copy of Romance. New York: River Scribner's Sons. ISBN&#;.
• Lucas-Dubreton, Jean (). The Fourth Musketeer. trans. building block Maida Castelhun Darnton. New York: Coward-McCann. OCLC&#;
• Maurois, André (). The Titans, a Three-Generation Biography disregard the Dumas. trans. by Gerard Hopkins. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. OCLC&#;
• Phillips, Emma Theologiser (). Watts Phillips: Artist move Playwright. London: Cassell & Company.
• Reed, F. W. (Frank Wild) (). A Bibliography of Alexandre Author, père. Pinner Hill, Middlesex: J.A. Neuhuys. OCLC&#;
• Ross, Michael (). Alexandre Dumas. Newton Abbot, London, Northern Pomfret (Vt): David & Physicist. ISBN&#;.
• Schopp, Claude (). Alexandre Writer, Genius of Life. trans. emergency A. J. Koch. New Dynasty, Toronto: Franklin Watts. ISBN