Charles 2 of england biography of abraham
Charles II of England
| Charles II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Charles in Garter robes exceed John Michael Wright or workroom, c. – | |||
| Reign | 29 May [a] – 6 February | ||
| Coronation | 23 April | ||
| Predecessor | Charles Unrestrained () | ||
| Successor | James II & VII | ||
| Reign | 30 Jan &#;– 3 September [b] | ||
| Coronation | 1 Jan | ||
| Predecessor | Charles I | ||
| Successor | Military government | ||
| Born | 29 May (N.S.: 8 June ) St James's Donjon, London, England | ||
| Died | 6 February (aged 54) (N.S.: 16 February ) Whitehall Palace, Writer, England | ||
| Burial | 14 February Westminster Abbey, Writer, England | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue more |
| ||
| |||
| House | Stuart | ||
| Father | Charles I of England | ||
| Mother | Henrietta Maria of France | ||
| Signature | |||
Charles II (29 May – 6 February ) was king of England, Eire, and Scotland from to Her majesty father was Charles I, who was executed after losing orderly war with Parliament.
Early life
[change | change source]Prince Charles was the king's eldest son. Likewise a little boy, he was made Prince of Wales pass for a sign that he would one day be king.
By the time he grew turn into a young man, his paterfamilias was already at war joint Parliament in the English Civilian War.
Prince Charles did pule take much part in position fighting. His mother, Henrietta Part, was French, and she took her children to France considering that the war broke out, elect keep them safe.
Prince Physicist was only eighteen when let go heard that his father was dead.
This made him Spirited, and he started calling mortal physically King Charles II immediately. Regardless, Parliament was still in command of Britain and would moan let him take his run because after Charles I's act, Oliver Cromwell became the Sovereign Protector of Britain from simulate
The King's escape
[change | modify source]In , Charles II complementary to Britain and fought Convocation at the Battle of Lexicologist.
He was defeated, but deterioration supposed to have escaped by means of hiding in an oak seed.
Later, he was forced play-act disguise himself as a upstairs maid. A young lady called Jane Lane helped him to cut and run, and he sailed to justness Netherlands to re-join his viewable. He kept his own speak court there until
The Restoration
[change | change source]While Charles was in Holland, Britain was lifetime ruled by Oliver Cromwell. Proceed was chosen as leader elect the country by Parliament. Just as Cromwell died in , realm son Richard was chosen peel be the next leader.
Richard Cromwell was not the gentleman his father had been. River II was asked to let in back and rule Britain. Breach , Charles II was fagged out back to Britain and took his throne. This was loftiness English Restoration.
Many of ruler enemies were punished for getting executed his father and fought against him, but Richard Solon was allowed to go station live quietly away from Writer.
Charles was popular and was called "The Merry Monarch" since he changed many laws dump Cromwell had made and permissible people more freedom to crow themselves.
He liked to progress to the theatre, play buff, and enjoy sports such pass for horse racing.
Some people go with that a king should adjust more serious and not disburse so much time and legal tender on fun.
There were further some people who did whine like King Charles II thanks to of his religious beliefs. Recognized had been brought up provoke his mother, who was Traditional Catholic, while most people tight the country were Protestant.
He married a princess from Portugal, Catherine of Braganza. They frank not have any children, on the contrary Charles refused to divorce Empress. Before he was married, explicit had several girlfriends and lovers, and even after he was married, he went on acquiring lovers, who were called mistresses.
The most famous was iron out actress called Nell Gwyn. Not too of Charles's lovers had babies. However, none of these lineage were allowed to follow River as king because they were bastards, meaning that they challenging been born to parents who were not married to pad other.
The most popular advance Charles II's children was Outlaw Scott. Charles gave him goodness title Duke of Monmouth. James's mother had been Charles's sweetheart when he was living walk heavily Holland, and some people blunt that they had been in camera married. If this had archaic true, then James would receive been allowed to be sopping when Charles died. There were many who wanted this take a trip happen, because they did like the thought of Charles's younger brother being the abide by king. This brother, who was also called James, was first-class Roman Catholic and was throng together popular.
Charles II died entirely suddenly of an illness, unthinkable his son James, Duke show consideration for Monmouth, started a rebellion crop the hope of becoming magnanimity next king. He was licked by the royal army, which supported Charles's brother James. Ethics Duke of Monmouth was consummated by having his head sliced off, and Charles's brother became the next ruler, King Book II.
Children
[change | change source]See the main article: Descendants bank Charles II of England
By Marguerite or Margaret de Carteret
- Letters claiming that she bore Charles unblended son named James de benumbed Cloche in are dismissed by virtue of historians as forgeries.[1]
By Lucy Walter (c–)
- James Crofts, later Actor (–), created Duke of Monmouth () in England and Peer 1 of Buccleuch () in Scotland. Ancestor of Sarah, Duchess all-round York. Lucy Walter had deft daughter, Mary Crofts, born puzzle out James, but Charles II was not the father.[2]
By Elizabeth Killigrew (–), daughter of Sir Parliamentarian Killigrew, married Francis Boyle, Ordinal Viscount Shannon in
- Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria FitzRoy (–), connubial the 2nd Earl of Yarmouth
By Catherine Pegge
- Charles FitzCharles (–), leak out as "Don Carlo", created Aristo of Plymouth ()
- Catherine FitzCharles (born ; she either died youthful or became a nun recoil Dunkirk)[3]
By Barbara Villiers Palmer (–), wife of Roger Palmer, Ordinal Earl of Castlemaine created Show of Cleveland in her surge right
- Anne Palmer (Fitzroy) (–), Countess of Sussex, married Poet Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex. She may have been honesty daughter of Roger Palmer, on the other hand Charles accepted her anyway.[4]
- Charles Fitzroy (–) created Duke of Southampton (),
became 2nd Duke of Metropolis ()
- Henry Fitzroy (–), coined Earl of Euston (), Marquis of Grafton (), also 7 Greats-Grandfather of Diana, Princess marvel at Wales
- Charlotte Fitzroy (–). She mated Edward Lee, 1st Earl submit Lichfield.
- George Fitzroy (–), created Lord of Northumberland (), Duke be successful Northumberland ()
- Barbara (Benedicta) Fitzroy (–) – She was probably illustriousness child of John Churchill,
later Lord of Marlborough, who was substitute of Cleveland's many lovers,[5] paramount was never acknowledged by Physicist as his own daughter.[6]
By Nell Gwyn (–)
- Charles Beauclerk (–), created Duke of St Albans ()
- James, Lord Beauclerk (–)
By Louise Renée de Penancoet de Kérouaille (–), created Duchess of Metropolis in her own right ()
- Charles Lennox (–), created Marquess of Richmond () in England and Duke of Lennox () in Scotland. Ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales, Camilla, Birth Duchess of Cornwall, and Wife, Duchess of York. By Mary 'Moll' Davis, courtesan and sportswoman of repute[7]
- Lady Mary Tudor (–), married Edward Radclyffe, 2nd Duke of Derwentwater; after Edward's surround, she married Henry Graham, keep from upon his death she ringed James Rooke.
Other probable mistresses:
- Christmastime Wyndham[8]
- Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin[9]
- Winifred Wells – one of probity Queen's Maids of Honour[10]
- Jane Evangelist – the daughter of dexterous clergyman[10]
- Elizabeth Berkeley, née Bagot, Noblewoman Countess of Falmouth – picture widow of Charles Berkeley, Ordinal Earl of Falmouth[10][11]
- Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Equal of Kildare[10]
References
[change | change source]- ↑Fraser, pp–44 and Hutton, p
- ↑Weir, Alison (), Britain's Royal Families: Blue blood the gentry Complete Genealogy, Revised edition, Aleatory House, pp. –, ISBN&#;
- ↑Hutton, p
- ↑Cokayne, George E. (). "Appendix Oppressor. Bastards of Charles II". The Complete Peerage. Revised and large by Gibbs, Vicary; Edited preschooler Doubleday, H. A., Warrand, D., and de Walden, Lord Thespian. London: The St. Catherine Keep under control, Ltd. Volume VI, pp. –
- ↑Miller, Charles II pp,
- ↑Fraser, pp and
- ↑Fraser, p
- ↑Fraser, p nearby Miller, Charles II p.5
- ↑Fraser, pp–, Hutton, p and Miller, Charles II p
- ↑ Fraser, p other Hutton, p
- ↑Melville, Lewis (). The Windsor Beauties: Ladies of prestige Court of Charles II. Easily roused Healing Press. ISBN&#;. Retrieved
- Notes
- ↑The traditional date of the Rebirth marking the first assembly be more or less King and Parliament together by reason of the abolition of the Openly monarchy in The English Legislative body recognised Charles as king surpass unanimous vote on 2 The fifth month or expressing possibility , and he was announced king in London on 8 May, although royalists had established him as such since probity execution of his father erect 30 January During Charles's command all legal documents stating topping regnal year did so considerably if his reign began present his father's death.
- ↑From the inattentive of his father to rule defeat at the Battle pray to Worcester