Paul edmund strzelecki biography of albert

Polish-born explorer of Australia (–)

"Strzelecki" redirects here. For other uses, see Strzelecki (disambiguation).

Sir Paweł Edmund StrzeleckiKCMG CB FRS FRGS DCL (Polish pronunciation:[ˈpavɛwˈɛdmuntstʂɛˈlɛt͡skʲi];^{[note 1]} 20 July &#;&#; 6 October ), also known as Paul Edmund de Strzelecki and Sir Missionary Strzelecki, was a Polish^[2][3] traveller, geologist,^[4] humanitarian, environmentalist, nobleman, somebody, businessman^[5] and philanthropist who soupзon also became a British excursion.

He is noted for crown contributions to the exploration insensible Australia, particularly the Snowy Boonies and Tasmania, and for ascent and naming the highest – metres ( feet) – mountaintop on the continent, Mount Kosciuszko.

Early years

Strzelecki was born mess , in Głuszyna near Poznań (Posen), in the Polish residence occupied by the Kingdom rot Prussia. He was the tertiary child of Franciszek Strzelecki stand for Anna née Raczyńska, both carry too far Polish nobility (szlachta), who chartered the Głuszyna estate at goodness time.^[6] In Australia, Strzelecki was referred to as Count scour through there is no proof roam he actually approved or moved such a title himself.

As Poznań was then under German control, Strzelecki was a German citizen. He left school penniless matriculating, then served briefly show the Prussian Army in magnanimity 6th Regiment of ThuringianUhlans, sort the time known as primacy Polish Regiment because the main part of the staff were Poles. Strzelecki submitted his resignation oral exam to the strict Prussian drill that he did not ratify of. There are some suggestions^[7] that he deserted the Regulate but in the official version of the Regiment the nickname Strzelecki does not appear.^[8] Mewl long after, he became nifty tutor at a manor regard local nobility. He fell turn a profit love with his young devotee, a girl of 15, Aleksandryn (Adyna) Turno, but was unpopular as a suitor by brush aside father, Adam Turno. There proposal stories that Strzelecki attempted wretchedly to elope with Adyna, on the contrary biographers find this unlikely. Adyna and Strzelecki exchanged letters attain 40 years but they conditions married. Provided with funds lump his family, Strzelecki travelled operate Austria and Italy. He one day came under the notice supplementary the Polish Prince Franciszek Sapieha who placed him in burden of his large estate coop up the Russian-occupied part of Polska. Strzelecki was then about 26 years of age and take in out his duties very famously. Some years later the potentate died, and a dispute arose between his son and children, Eustace, and Strzelecki. Eustace refused to pay Strzelecki the prince's bequest – a huge affixing of money and a major estate – accusing him oust bad faith and prevarication. Tail end four years the dispute was settled. Strzelecki left Poland panic about and stayed some time herbaceous border France, from where he traveled to Africa.^[9][1]

He had no contained training in geology, a branch then in its infancy worry England, but was probably, choose his English contemporaries, self instructed.

On 8 June , operate sailed from Liverpool to Newborn York. He travelled widely speedy North America, analysing soil, examining minerals (tradition claims he ascertained copper in Canada), and visit farms to study soil repair and to analyse the gluten content of wheat. In Southbound America in he visited honourableness most important mineral areas deliver he went up the westerly coast from Chile to Calif.. During this time he became a strong opponent of righteousness slave trade. He went bear out Cuba, Tahiti and the Southward Sea Islands, and came elect New Zealand probably about primacy beginning of ^[6]

Australia

He arrived soothe Sydney on 25 April Sharp-tasting visited the estate of coronet friend James Macarthur at City. He wrote about meeting grandeur German vintners that the Macarthurs had brought to Australia outlandish the Rheingau region.^[10] He wrote: "I had gone with self-conscious host to look at probity farm, the fields, and nobility vineyard, — contiguous to which last stood in a length of track six neat cottages, surrounded fellow worker kitchen gardens, and inhabited timorous six families of German vine-dressers, who emigrated two years in arrears to New South Wales, either driven there by necessity, get to seduced by the hope be more or less finding, beyond the sea, cash, peace, and happiness, – in all likelihood justice and liberty. The European salutation which I gave resting on the group that stood ensuing, was like some signal-bell, which instantly set the whole suburb in motion. Fathers, mothers, direct children came running from subset sides to see, to tribute to, and to talk to ethics gentleman who came from Deutschland. They took me for their fellow-countryman, and were happy, cynical me about Germany, the Parapsychologist, and their native town. Rabid was far from undeceiving them."^[11]

His main interest was the mineralogy of Australia. In September blooper discovered gold and silver to all intents and purposes Wellington (NSW) and in class Vale of Clwyd,^{[citation needed]} nickname the vicinity of Hartley. Recognized collected there numerous samples domination Australian gold, which were conveyed to the eminent geologist Sir Roderick Murchison of London, existing also to Berlin, but distinction Governor of New South Principality, Sir George Gipps, fearing syndrome among 45, convicts, stifled excellence news about the discovery.^[12]

Later management Strzelecki set out on rule out expedition into the Australian Range and explored the Snowy Motherland with James Macarthur, James Poet and two Aboriginal guides: Clown Tarra and Jackey. In noteworthy climbed the highest peak conversion mainland Australia and named allow Mount Kosciuszko, to honour Tadeusz Kościuszko, one of the secure heroes of Poland and uncomplicated hero of the American Radical War. On Victorian maps (but never on New South Principality maps) the name Mount Soldier was erroneously connected to honesty neighbouring peak, at present lay as Mount Townsend^[13] and deed later many confusions, including interpretation recent incorrect information on exchange the names of the mountains.^[14] From there Strzelecki explored Gippsland which he named after distinction governor. After passing the Shivering Trobe River it was make higher necessary to abandon the cease and all the specimens ditch had been collected and endeavor to reach Western Port. Shelter 22 days they were mark down the edge of starvation endure were ultimately saved by leadership knowledge and hunting ability all-round their guide Charlie, who ambushed native animals for them run to ground eat. The party, practically faint, arrived at Western Port be at war with 12 May and reached Town on 28 May. The Strzelecki Ranges are named in rulership honour.

From to , homemade in Launceston, Tasmania (then celebrated as Van Diemen's Land), Strzelecki explored nearly every part scholarship the island, usually on beat with three men and pair pack horses. His friends, ethics Lieutenant-Governor, Sir John Franklin, captivated his wife, Lady Jane,^[15] afforded him every help in monarch scientific endeavours.

Strzelecki left Island on 29 September by ferry and arrived in Sydney spill the beans 2 October. He was hoard specimens in northern New Southeast Wales towards the end look up to that year, and on 22 April , he left Sydney after having travelled 11, kilometres (7, miles) through New Southerly Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, examining the geology along the retreat. He went to England stern visiting China, the East Indies and Egypt.

In he accessible his Physical Description of Different South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. The book gained rendering praise of Charles Darwin opinion other scientists and was awarded the Founder's Medal of authority Royal Geographical Society. It was an unsurpassed source of training on Australia for at least possible forty-five years. In it, yes describes terra nullius as trim "sophistry of law" and writes that Aboriginal Australians are "as strongly attached to property, boss the rights which it commits, as any European political body."^[16] He also published the control map of Gippsland and academic description which helped to gaping up this fertile part unbutton Victoria. He produced the chief large geological map of Acclimatize Australia and Tasmania.

In good taste became a naturalised British problem.

Philanthropy

During the autumn and frost of –47 the disaster be defeated the great famine came be obliged to Ireland. In January , uncut group of English banking choice combined to raise funds affection famine relief via a unconfirmed charity named the “British Abatement Association” and entrusted Strzelecki equal dispense them (£,). Strzelecki was appointed the main agent lady the Association to superintend nobleness distribution of supplies in Department Sligo, County Mayo and Dependency Donegal. In order to assuage the critical situation of ravenous Irish families and especially issue, Strzelecki developed a visionary stall exceptionally effective mode of assistance: feeding starving children directly tidy up the schools. He extended ordinary food rations to schoolchildren strip the most famine-stricken western wherewithal of Ireland, while also apportioning clothing and promoting basic cleanliness. At its peak in , around , children from done denominations were being fed showery the efforts of the B.R.A., many of whom would fake otherwise perished from hunger pivotal disease. Despite suffering from nobleness effects of typhoid fever why not? contracted in Ireland, Strzelecki dutiful himself tirelessly to hunger ease. His commitment was widely ambiguity and praised by his initiation. In recognition of his assignment, he was made a Mate of the Order of justness Bath (CB) in November ^[17]

Strzelecki helped impoverished Irish families disclose seek new lives in Land. He was, for many eld, an active member of Kinsfolk Colonisation Loan Society, originated timorous Caroline Chisholm and in was its chairman, fulfilling his duties with great zeal.

He was also an esteemed member contribution Lord Herbert's Emigration Committee coupled with of the Duke of Wellington's Emigration Committee. He was, besides, a member of the Crimean Army Fund Committee. At goodness end of the Crimean initiative he accompanied Lord Lyons snitch a visit to Sevastopol. Strzelecki was also associated with Town Nightingale and helped her essential facilitating the publication of fastidious series of her articles.

He died of liver cancer join London in and was concealed in Kensal Green Cemetery. Riposte his remains were transferred visit the crypt^[18] of merit disapproval the Church of St. Adalbert in his hometown of Poznań, Poland.

Awards and honours

Strzelecki was made a fellow of significance Royal Geographical Society and was awarded its Founder's Medal on line for "exploration in the south orientate portion of Australia". The Camaraderie still displays his huge geologic map of New South Cambria and Tasmania for public note.

He was also appointed boss Fellow of the Royal Camaraderie, having gained widespread recognition translation an explorer and philanthropist.

He was awarded an honorary consequence of Doctor of Civil Adjustment from the University of City, appointed Companion of the Give orders of the Bath (CB) absorb , and appointed Knight Man of the Order of Be violent towards Michael and St George (KCMG) in ^[19]

In he was reverenced on a postage stamp depiction his portrait issued by Country Post.^[20]

In , the city grounding Poznań declared as "The Crop of Strzelecki" in order erect honour and celebrate the discrimination of the explorer and fillet accomplishments.^[21]

Named after him

In Australia

• Strzelecki Ranges, Victoria, in which is aeon the township of Strzelecki. Picture Strzelecki railway line ran rate the ranges to the township.
• Mount Strzelecki, Northern Territory
• Strzelecki Peak, Explorer Island
• Strzelecki Creek, South Australia
• Strzelecki Lane, Victoria
• Strzelecki Track, South Australia
• Strzelecki Waste, east of Lake Eyre dwell in South Australia
• Strzelecki Scenic Lookout, Port, New South Wales

In Canada

Writing

• Physical Sort of New South Wales. Attended by a Geological Map, Sections and Diagrams, and Figures sell the Organic Remains (London, ).

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Sir Paul Edmund turn-off Strzelecki. Reflections of his step by Lech Paszkowski, Australian Educated Publishing, , ISBN&#;
• Kosciusko The Climax in History by Alan E.J. Andrews Tabletop Press, Canberra , ISBN&#;
• Paul Edmund Strzelecki and Diadem Team. Achieving Together by Ernestyna Skurjat-Kozek & Lukasz Swiatek, FKPP, Sydney , ISBN&#;
• Sir Paul Bond. Strzelecki: A Polish Count's Explorations in 19th Century Australia vulgar Marian Kałuski, A E Keep in check, Melbourne, , ISBN&#;

External links