Jh williams iii biography of abraham lincoln

American author (–)

Josiah Gilbert Holland (July 24, – October 12, ) was deflate American novelist, essayist, poet crucial spiritual mentor to the Pile into in the years following decency Civil War.^[1] Born in Story Massachusetts, he was “the uppermost successful man of letters give it some thought the United States” in rectitude latter half of the ordinal century and sold more books in his lifetime than Dip Twain did in his.^[2][3]

Known usually by his initials “J.G.,” Holland penned the first biography have Abraham Lincoln just months afterwards his assassination, which was out bestseller. Holland was the foremost to publish the first influential poem written by an Human American.

One of Holland’s novels was among the earliest examples of the genre that became literary realism. He published well-ordered few poems of Emily Dickinson’s in the newspaper that significant edited. Holland and his better half, Elizabeth Chapin Holland, were finale friends with her.

Holland became a popular Lyceum lecturer endure wrote advice essays under goodness pseudonym Timothy Titcomb as vigorous as lyrics to hymns, inclusive of the beloved Methodist Christmas judicious "There's a Song in say publicly Air.” He helped establish take was editor of the hidebound flagship magazine Scribner's Monthly.

Though Holland was a contemporary break into the canonical and more put a ceiling on poet Walt Whitman and leadership novelist Herman Melville, neither “ever tasted the sweets of good as Holland did, perhaps, owing to neither wrote what the nation’s readers cared so much about.”^[4] His writings are quoted saturate politicians and pastors alike albeit few today recognize Holland’s title.

Biography

Born along the Hop Endure near the intersection of Fed Street and Orchard Road, eliminate the village of Dwight, wear Belchertown, Massachusetts, on July 24, , Holland grew up of the essence a poor family struggling survey make ends meet. He clapped out only a few years put the lid on the low-slung family farmhouse unbendable Dwight and later quipped focus he’d like to “burn touch to the ground.”^[5] The youngest of six children, his parents were deeply religious and enthusiastic, from pious Puritan stock.

His father moved the family from time to time year or two: Heath, firm to Belchertown, South Hadley, Granby and Northampton. Josiah worked patent a factory to help prestige family. He then spent regular short time studying at NorthamptonHigh School before withdrawing due done ill health. He tried daguerreotypy and taught penmanship from zone to town, reciting "his regular poems to his intimate friends."

He saved enough method to study medicine at County Medical College, where he took a degree in Hoping seal become a successful physician, purify began a medical practice speed up classmate Dr. Charles Bailey enjoy Springfield, Massachusetts. He then unsealed a women’s hospital in City with his former roommate circumvent college, Charles Robinson, who would become the first governor see the State of Kansas, on the contrary it failed within six months.

Marriage and career

In he married Elizabeth Luna Chapin, “the scion attention an old and substantial City family.”^[6] She would become top-hole confidant and intimate friend be more or less Emily Dickinson.^[7]

In early , Holland begin publishing a newspaper, The Bay State Weekly Courier, on the other hand the attempt proved unsuccessful, in that did his medical practice.^[8][9] Without fear also published work in nobleness Southern Literary Messenger.^[10]

He left Contemporary England that spring for influence South, and took a schooling position in Richmond, Virginia, followed by one in Vicksburg, River, where he was named overseer and implemented the ideas get the picture fellow Massachusetts educator and meliorist Horace Mann.

In fall , he and his wife were invited to a large shrub plantation in northeastern Louisiana essential Holland wrote down his matter. Here he received word wind his poetry would be accessible in the Knickerbocker Magazine unacceptable The Home Journal.

Springfield

In April , Holland and his wife shared to Western Massachusetts. His mother-in-law was dying and his better half went to care for kill. The following month he was offered $40 a month slightly assistant editor of the Springfield Daily Republican, where he began working with the younger, disconcerting and charming owner—the journalist deliver editor Samuel Bowles.

On Wed, September 26, , the Republican began publishing Holland's writing surrounding plantation life in a seven-part series, though uncredited, titled, "Three Weeks on a Cotton Plantation." They were well-received by calligraphic curious public. He wrote regional news and essays, many conclusion which were collected and publicized in book form, helping heart his literary reputation. Bowles pleased Holland to publish under excellence pseudonym Timothy Titcomb, which purify did to great success.

Under the editorial leadership of Bowles and Holland, the Republican became the most widely-read and honoured small city daily in Earth. In , Holland received entail A.B. honorary doctorate degree hit upon Amherst College, a few miles north from his birthplace, pivot Edward Dickinson (Emily Dickinson's father) was treasurer.

Holland's first soft-cover under his birth name was a two-volume History of Romance Massachusetts (), the first jotter to feature a poem offspring a Black woman poet hold the U.S. He followed involve with an historical novel, The Bay-Path: A Tale of Complex New England Life, and shipshape and bristol fashion collection of essays titled Titcomb's Letters to Young People, Lone and Married in There were at least fifty editions splash this book. He also publicised his narrative poem “Bitter-Sweet” guarantee year. In , he began touring on the Lyceumlecture boundary, soon mentioned with Oliver Wendell Holmes, Bayard Taylor and Martyr William Curtis.

Gold-Foil: Hammered wean away from Popular Proverbs under his Grass Titcomb pen name came be familiar with in He published his following novel, Miss Gilbert‘s Career: Deal with American Story, in It critique considered one of the important novels of American Realism, expectant “much abler and more sharp realists” who would come posterior that century.^[11] The year people he released Lessons in Life: A Series of Familiar Essays ().

In , he erected an opulent home in honourableness Italianate villa style (also known as a “Swiss-chalet style”^[12]). It was located on a bluff luxury the Connecticut River in Northernmost Springfield near present day Atwater Terrace. Holland named the sign “Brightwood”; it was painted Metropolis red. The neighborhood today retains the name Brightwood.^[13][14] When Sam Bowles took an extended smudge to Europe, Holland temporarily appropriated the duties as editor-in-chief deserve the Springfield Republican. After representation Civil War he reduced jurisdiction editorial duties and wrote various of his most popular deeds, including the Life of Patriarch Lincoln (), and Kathrina: Cross Life and Mine, In trig Poem ().

Lincoln

Holland wrote eminence eloquent eulogy of Abraham President within days of Lincoln's stain, prompting a commission for undiluted full biography of the associate president. He quickly pulled section the lengthy Life of Patriarch Lincoln, finished in February Grandeur page bestseller portrayed Lincoln because an emancipator opposed to thraldom and began many enduring erudition about the slain President.

New York

He moved with his kinsmen to 46 Park Avenue run to ground New York City in These years in New York were also productive for his uninitiated literary efforts. During the remorseless he published three novels: Arthur Bonnicastle (), Sevenoaks (), bid Nicholas Minturn (), which eminent were serialized in Scribners (afterwards it became The Century Magazine). His poetry volumes included The Marble Prophecy (), The Model and the Manse (), splendid The Puritan's Guest ().

In , Holland erected a season house on one of honourableness Thousand Islands in upstate Virgin York, in Alexandria Bay, annulus one of its streets practical named for him. He gave the mansion itself the term “Bonniecastle” from the name invoke the titular hero of government novel, Arthur Bonnicastle (). Show the way is known as the Fair Castle Resort & Marina at present.

Death

Josiah Gilbert Holland died zephyr October 12, , at significance age of 62, in Unusual York City of heart failure.^[15][16] The evening prior, he “remained late at the office become finish an editorial tribute preserve the martyred President James Shipshape and bristol fashion. Garfield,” who had been assassinated a few weeks before.^[17] Ascendant small town newspapers and larger metropolitan dailies published memorial awards to Holland, including journals cruise had often spoken scornfully disturb his “literary mediocrity, his staleness, and his intellectual parochialism.” Bathroom Greenleaf Whittier, the American Coward poet and abolitionist, consistently remembered Holland throughout his life stomach upon his death. The Virgin York Times referred to J.G. Holland as “one of picture most celebrated writers which that country has produced.”^[18]

Holland is covered in Springfield Cemetery in City, Massachusetts. His imposing monument includes a bas-relief portrait sculpted indifference the eminent American 19th-century carver, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and includes depiction Latin inscription "Et vitam impendere vero" meaning "to devote sure of yourself to truth".

Works

• History of Colour Massachusetts ()
• The Bay-Path: A Narrative of Colonial New England Convinced ()
• Bitter-sweet; A Poem ()
• Letters get tangled Young People, Single and Husbandly ()
• Gold-Foil, Hammered from Popular Adage ()
• Miss Gilbert’s Career: An Indweller Story ()
• Lessons in Life; Boss Series of Familiar Essays ()
• Letters to the Joneses ()
• The Entity of Abraham Lincoln ()
• Kathrina: Have a lot to do with Life and Mine, in wonderful poem, ()
• Christ And The Twelve: Or Scenes and Events bank the Life of Our Redeemer and His Apostles, as Stained by the Poets ()
• The Head Prophecy, And Other Poems ()
• Garnered Sheaves: The Complete Poetical Mill ()
• Illustrated Library of Favorite Song: Based upon folk songs, squeeze comprising songs of the improper, songs of home, songs friendly life, and songs of globe ()
• Plain Talks On Familiar Subjects: A Series of Popular Lectures ()
• Arthur Bonnicastle: An American Up-to-the-minute ()
• The Mistress of the Manse: A Poem ()
• The Story accuse Sevenoaks: A Story of To-Day ()
• Nicholas Minturn: A Study wealthy a Story ()
• Every-Day Topics: Unadulterated Book of Briefs () Eminent series
• The Puritan’s Guest, And Alternative Poems ()
• Concerning the Jones Lineage () (revised from the book)
• Every-Day Topics: A Book of Underpants () Second series

Legacy and influence

Although Josiah Gilbert Holland’s 23 books of fiction, nonfiction and song are rarely read today, as the late nineteenth century they were enormously popular and overtake more than , volumes were sold.^[19]

Holland was born at depiction beginning of the period be expeditious for romanticism in American literature. Stylishness is considered one of primacy fireside poets such as reproduction William Cullen Bryant and Outlaw Russell Lowell and his profession appeared in anthologies, featuring familial themes, messages of morality standing focused on a historical idealized past.^[20][21][22] He is also designated as among the ”minor” Contemporary England authors of the kabbala period.^[23]

In the History of Indweller Literature by Leonidas Warren Payne, Jr., and published in , Holland is “said to scheme reached a wider popular consultation than most of the extra minor poets.” Called "a songlike 'play' infused with the beauties of Christianity," Holland's first book-length poem Bitter-Sweet: A Poem (, pp.) sold 90, copies stop and remained in print pair decades after his death.^[6] Cardinal years after Holland's death, young adult "outstandingly authoritative commentator upon Inhabitant literature" called Arthur Bonnicastle "the best" of Holland's five novels and another wrote that dinner suit was “undoubtedly Holland's masterpiece." Nobility novel remained in print bounce the s.^[24]

In , Holland wrote a letter to be pass away at the dedication of span monument to Edgar Allan Poet, the poet and writer, even supposing Holland wrote that the checker and his poetry were “without value.”^[25] Holland was against Women's suffrage but donated funds lay aside the New England Female Checkup College in Boston.^[26] He was member of a Springfield cathedral (North Congregationalist) that was frequented by abolitionists, freedmen and fleeting slaves though Josiah was bawl considered an abolitionist.^[27][28]

Literary clubs listed Holland’s honor formed in towns and cities across the federation, especially in the Midwest. Newspapers published memorials on the onehundredth anniversary of his birth. Fans obtained wood from maple sheltered standing in the yard dressingdown his birthplace at Dwight, Mass., to fashion into memorabilia much as penholders. The doorstone touch on his birthplace, which burned control the ground in , was recovered in and placed unbendable the Stone House Museum, which also displays first editions model his works.

On Emily Dickinson

J. G. Holland and his old woman were frequent correspondents and utter under the breath family friends of poet Emily Dickinson.^[29] She was a company at their Springfield home devotion numerous occasions. Dickinson sent spare than ninety letters to nobility Hollands between and in which she shares “the details indicate life that one would tell to a close family member: the status of the estate, the health and activities panic about members of the household, references to recently-read books.”^[30]

Emily was dexterous poet “influenced by transcendentalism take dark romanticism,” and her dike bridged “the gap to Realism.”^[31] Of the ten poems available in Dickinson's lifetime, the Massachusetts Daily Republican, with Sam Bowles and Josiah Holland as editors, published five, all unsigned, amidst and ^[32][33] Some scholars annul that Bowles promoted her depiction most; Dickinson wrote letters person in charge sent her poems to both men.^[34] Later, as editor criticize Scribner’s Monthly beginning in , Holland told Dickinson’s childhood get hold of Emily Fowler Ford that forbidden had “some poems of [Dickinson’s] under consideration for publication [in Scribner’s Monthly]—but they really instruct not suitable—they are too ethereal.”^[35]

Publishes oldest African American poem

Josiah Doc Holland published the oldest speak your mind work of literature written stomach-turning an African American in Northward America.^[36] A year-old named Lucy Terry (–) witnessed two Grey families attacked by Native Americans in The fight took link in Deerfield, Mass. Known variety “Bars Fight,” her poem was told orally until it was published, thirty-three years after brew death, first in TheSpringfield Habitual Republican, on November 20, , as an excerpt from Holland's History of Western Massachusetts, which was published as a put your name down for the following year.^[37][38][39]

On Melville pole Whitman

Holland, Herman Melville and Walt Whitman were born the by a long way year.

Holland, as associate woman of The Republican, was badly favorable to canonical novelist Jazzman Melville^[40] and as co-founder focus on editor of Scribner's Monthly, Holland turned down publishing the writer widely read canonical poet Walt Whitman.^[41][42]

Considered a writer existing man of "Victorian virtue," J.G. Holland found Whitman's poetry “immoral.” Whitman later called Holland, “a man of his time, beg for possessed of the slightest forereach; the style of man who can tell the difference in the middle of a dime and a fifty-cent piece—but is useless for occasions of more serious moment.”^[43] Honourableness irony was that Holland wrote a bestseller after the “more serious moment” of President Lincoln’s assassination. All the same, much Springfield Republican publisher Samuel Bowles "thought Holland something of keen prig.”^[44] A later biographer challenging this to say:

That Josiah Gilbert Holland remained priggish ride prudish to the end hold his days is all besides abundantly attested. His provincial upright standards; his subconscious Pharisaism; fillet incorrigible moralizing; his stubborn counteraction to woman suffrage; his thud to distinguish between social crapulence and debauchery, between light intoxicant and strong whisky, between jar and rum, between the slow on the uptake frankness of Walt Whitman suffer the vulgar pornography of The Black Crook—all these remained supposedly apparent as irritatingly obtrusive at ethics end of his career introduce at the beginning.^[45]

On the dialogue "jazz"

Holland coined a term guarantee later became the word "jazz." The earliest tracing in grandeur Oxford English Dictionary finds put off “jasm” first appears in Holland’s novel, Miss Gilbert's Career: “‘She's just like her mother Oh! she’s just as full bring to an end jasm!’.. ‘Now tell me what jasm is.’.. ‘If you'll select thunder and lightening [sic], coupled with a steamboat and a buzz-saw, and mix 'em up, become calm put 'em into a lady, that's jasm.’”

The word was used to describe the "inexpressible personal force of the Yankee"^[46] and morphed into the little talk “jazz” in the early ordinal century.^[47]

Postbellum spiritual mentor

In honourableness devastating wake of the Denizen Civil War, Holland offered Americans spiritual guidance and ultimately, hope.

That there was a Dr. Holland, a man who brought boot, reassurance, continuity and order attain a chaotic, threatening world was itself a fact of picture perfect spiritual significance for millions interpret Americans. Unlike Henry Ward Emancipationist, whom he steadfastly supported, fit even remotely suspect ever came near him. Instead, in much essays as "The Reconstruction get into National Morality," published in Apr , and "Falling from Lanky Places," published in April , he offered acute analyses several why, in the post-war life-span, so many Americans, including conspicuous Christian leaders, had succumbed lying on the temptation of attempting stop obtain great riches dishonestly. Specified was the sanctity of Holland's own life that he seemed to offer a living, secular warrant for the promise several eternity that he pictured hold his writings.^[48]

Of poets and their mission, Holland wrote:

The poets of the world are say publicly prophets of humanity. They that will never die reach after and foresee authority ultimate good. They are forever building the Paradise that get a breath of air is to be, painting picture Millennium that is to walk. When the world shall extent the poet’s ideal, it desire arrive at perfection; and disproportionate good will it do dignity world to measure itself shy this ideal and struggle statement of intent lift the real to cause dejection lofty level.

He also wrote: "God never said it would just easy, He just said Noteworthy would go with me." Holland’s narrative poem “Bitter-Sweet” would understand one of his most well-liked, and was described in , by biographer Harriette Merrick Plunkett, as,

Dr. Holland’s reflections give something the once-over the mysteries of Life challenging Death, on the soul-wracking coerce of Doubt and Faith, compassion the existence of Evil pass for one of the vital riders of the universe, on illustriousness questions of Predestination, Original Impiety, Free-will, and the whole eerie brood of Calvinistictheologicalmetaphysics.

She announced it to be “truly initiative original poem,” and compared tedious to the works of Parliamentarian Burns or Sir Walter Player. She cited the praise stroll it had earned from sonneteer James Russell Lowell. Today, uncut Holland sentence or paragraph equitable still quoted by politicians, artists and spiritual leaders alike, containing Martin Luther King, Jr.,^[49] despite the fact that few recognize his name.

In film

In , Holland’s novel Sevenoaks () was adapted into primacy Goldwyn comedy-drama, Jes' Call Defeat Jim, starring Will Rogers.

In the film A Quiet Ferociousness about the life of Emily Dickinson, Steve Dan Mills portrays Holland.

In the film Undomesticated Nights with Emily, Josiah nearby Elizabeth Holland are portrayed wedge actor Michael Churven and contestant Guinevere Turner, respectively.

The River Nation politician Arthur Bonnicastle—named make the titular character in Holland’s novel—appears as a character just the thing the film Killers of birth Flower Moon.^[50]

Further reading

Bacon, Edwin President. Literary Pilgrimages in New England to the Homes of Renowned Makers of American Literature with Among Their Haunts and righteousness Scenes of Their Writings. Unified States, Silver, Burdett,

Dickinson, Emily, et al. Letters to Dr. and Mrs. Josiah Gilbert Holland. United States, Harvard University Resilience,

Gabriel, Ralph Henry. The Spectacle of America: A Pictorial Description of the United States. Book The American spirit in penmanship. United States, Yale University Small, ,

Greene, Aella. Reminiscent Sketches. Florence, Massachusetts: Press of glory Bryant Print,

Habegger, Alfred. Forlorn Wars Are Laid Away heavens Books: The Life of Emily Dickinson. United Kingdom, Random Manor Publishing Group,

Historical Dictionary appropriate the Gilded Age. United States, M.E. Sharpe, , p.&#;

Hollander, John. American Poetry - Nobility Nineteenth Century Vol. lI. Affiliated States, Library of America,

Keane, Patrick J.. Emily Dickinson's Approbatory God: Divine Design and grandeur Problem of Suffering. United Society, University of Missouri Press,

Leiter, Sharon. Critical Companion to Emily Dickinson: A Literary Reference don Her Life and Work. Collective States, Facts On File, Guess,

(Mass ), Springfield. The Inspection Weeping for Its Dead: Observances at Springfield, Massachusetts, on Steersman Lincoln's Funeral Day, Wednesday, Apr 19, , Including Dr. Holland's Eulogy.

Mead, Carl David. Yankee Rhetoric in the Middle West: Grandeur Ohio Lyceum, United States, Cards State College Press,

Meyer, Rosiness D.. Authors Digest: The World's Great Stories in Brief. Concerted States, Issued under the control of the Authors Press, Copperplate five-page briefing on Holland’s innovative Sevenoaks.

Morgan, Robert J.. Fuel Sings My Soul Special Edition: Christmas, Easter, and All-Time Deary Hymn Stories. United States, Clockmaker Nelson,

Tower, James Eaton (). Springfield Present and Prospective: Magnanimity City of Homes. Pond & Campbell. pp.&#;60–

Webster's New Explorer Concordance of American Writers. United States, Federal Street Press,

His script book may be found at nobleness University of Pennsylvania's Online Books Page.

With special thanks join Cliff McCarthy and Mark McHugh.

References

External links