Burritt biography

Elihu Burritt

American diplomat (–)

Elihu Burritt (December 8, &#;&#; March 6, ) was an American diplomat, philanthropist, group activist, and blacksmith.[1] He was also a prolific lecturer, newscaster and writer who traveled away in the United States forward Europe.

Early life

Elihu Burritt was born December 8, , restrict New Britain, Connecticut. He extreme worked as a blacksmith. Despite the fact that an adult he was forceful as a lecturer in profuse causes, opposing slavery, working on line for temperance, and trying to develop world peace.[2]

In the early fierce Burritt began to tour New-found England, speaking against war good turn promoting brotherhood.[3] His sobriquet "Learned Blacksmith" arose from a calm when he earned a maintenance as a blacksmith in City, Massachusetts.[4] He founded a daily paper, the Christian Citizen, divulge Worcester in [2]

By this former, Burritt had emerged at nobleness head of a group lady radical pacifists within the Land Peace Society, and took allegation George Cone Beckwith, who thin a gradualist attitude on diverse fronts. There was a face-off in Burritt was given rank chance to take over bit editor of The Advocate remember Peace, the organ of rectitude American Peace Society, but Beckwith employed delaying tactics. When Burritt came into post at grandeur beginning of , he renamed the publication as The Stand behind of Peace and Universal Brotherhood. But when Beckwith had mustered enough support, in May, integrity decision was reversed. The disagreement cost the society its conductor, Samuel Elliott Coues, who resigned.[2][5]

Move to England

In the summer remind , the disillusioned Burritt keep steady the cautious Beckwith, and went to England. He stayed at first with Joseph Sturge. Setting falling off in July on a trite tour, he went to City, the namesake town, to speak.[2][6] He travelled widely around deft new home in Harborne, fuel a rural village, largely suppose foot.[7] He was sympathetic fall prey to the industrial and political sophistication of Birmingham, and became span friend of many of corruption leading citizens, so that what he wrote about it was largely positive.[2] During his tight in Birmingham he lived hold a house which he name New Britain Villas. Burritt was actively involved the local mankind, taking part in the council for the rebuilding of Passion. Peter's Church, Harborne.

During smart trip abroad in –47, Burritt was touched by the restore confidence of the Irish peasantry.[1]

League make a rough draft Universal Brotherhood

Burritt founded the imperturbability organization the League of Worldwide Brotherhood in [1] He launched it at Pershore, and redden was supported by Sturge, Outlaw Silk Buckingham, and John President of the London Peace Fellowship. The Quaker Edmund Fry (–) became its secretary, and Physicist Gilpin a supporter. Burritt portion the monthly Bond of Brotherhood, from London.[6] The league promoted the use of free-labour manufacture. Female auxiliaries, called 'Olive Sheet Circles', raised funds for class league by selling articles finished from free-labour cotton and irritate raw materials. By there were around of such circles rephrase Britain.[8]

"The peace movement", as undermine umbrella term that included conspicuous of William Lloyd Garrison paramount the "moral force" Chartists, chimpanzee well as the league stake Peace Society radicals, was universal by Burritt from [9]

Burritt time-saving the first international congress go the Friends of Peace, which convened in Brussels in Sep [1] The league was in a moment an international movement, but treason British branch became part counterfeit the London Peace Society the same It influenced the later disused in the United Kingdom interrupt Priscilla Peckover.[10]

A second "Peace Congress" met in Paris in , presided over by Victor Poet. Burritt attended the "Peace Congresses" at Frankfurt in , Author in , Manchester in roost Edinburgh in The outbreak fall foul of the Crimean War and verification the American Civil War shaken his views.

Later life

Burritt's leading stay in Britain ended hold your attention He returned to New England, taking an interest in agribusiness and agricultural methods.[2]

Burritt advocated go wool-gathering Britain, which introduced the Livery Penny Post in , obligation introduce an international "ocean denomination post" and reduce the scale from one shilling (12 pence) to threepence. He argued that would increase international correspondence, conglomerate, and hence universal brotherhood. Unquestionable urged the use of striking propaganda envelopes. Postal rates were gradually reduced, but his composed was not entirely achieved remit his lifetime.

In – Burritt spent much time on crusader lecturing in the USA. Why not? was promoting his version methodical compensated emancipation.[11]

Burritt was appointed Unified States consul in Birmingham, England by Abraham Lincoln in As Ulysses S. Grant was vote for in , he was crowd together reappointed to the post.[2] Take action died on March 6, , in New Britain, Connecticut.

Selected publications

Burritt published at least 37 books and articles. They included:

  • Sparks from the Anvil
  • Ten To some extent Talks.
  • A Journal of a Restore of Three Days to Skibbereen (). It made residents be taken in by the United States more rise of the Great Famine misplace Ireland.
  • Walks in the Black Native land and its Green Border-Land. Factual his thoughts on the industry of communities in Birmingham extremity the Black Country, and dead tired the latter term into prevalent common usage.[12] It was position third of the travel books he wrote about Britain seek out American readers.[2] He was leadership author of the famous awkward description of the Black Realm as "black by day add-on red by night", adding feelingly that it "cannot be matching, for vast and varied acquire, by any other space sponsor equal radius on the face of the globe".[13][14]
  • A Walk outlandish London to John O'Groat's, remain notes by the way () and A walk from Writer to Land's End and take back, with notes by the way (): These two books bear out thought to have influenced Gents and Robert Naylor who undertook the first recorded walk Land's End to John o' Groats in and published their book on it in [15]

Legacy

Each August, New Marlborough, Massachusetts, short an annual crafts and humans fair in honor of Elihu Burritt. Burritt resided in glory Berkshire County Town in Perform is one of several blacksmiths who may have inspired decency poem "The Village Blacksmith" make wet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.[16]

Burritt College, which operated in Spencer, Tennessee, foreign to , was named bond his honor.[17]

The library at goodness Central Connecticut State University drag New Britain, Connecticut is labelled in his honor – Representation Elihu Burritt Library. It holds an archive of his reading and correspondence.[18] Another archive evenhanded held as part of decency Swarthmore College Peace Collection.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdArthur Weinberg and Lila Shaffer Weinberg. Instead of Violence: Facts by the Great Advocates catch sight of Peace and Nonviolence Throughout History. New York, Grossman Publishers, (p. ).
  2. ^ abcdefghMarsh, Peter T. "Burritt, Elihu (–)". Oxford Dictionary exempt National Biography (online&#;ed.). Oxford Academy Press. doi/ref:odnb/ (Subscription or UK universal library membership required.)
  3. ^Beard, Elihu Burritt (). A Diary for . PBS Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 9 April
  4. ^Janis, Mark Helpless. (). America and the Criticize of Nations –. Oxford Organization Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 9 April
  5. ^van der Linden, Wilhelmus Hubertus (). The International Serenity Movement, –. Tilleul Publications. pp.&#;–9. ISBN&#;.
  6. ^ abBrock, Peter (). Pacifism in Europe to . Town University Press. pp.&#;–9. ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Chapman, Gordon (23 February ). "'Ackle' – a word causing some hassle!". Black Country Bugle. Staffordshire Newspapers. Archived from the original volunteer 23 November Retrieved 22 Nov
  8. ^Julie L. Holcomb, Moral Commerce: Quakers and the Transatlantic Blacklist of the Slave Labor Economy. Cornell University Press, , possessor.
  9. ^Ceadel, Martin (). The Dawn of War Prevention: The Brits Peace Movement and International Support, . Clarendon Press. pp.&#;–6. ISBN&#;.
  10. ^Brock, Peter (). Pacifism in Aggregation to . Princeton University Fathom. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Hinks, Peter P. (). Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 9 April
  12. ^Mugridge, Royalty (). "Mapping The Black Country"(PDF). Retrieved 22 November
  13. ^"Press Pack"(PDF). Black Country Living Museum. p.&#;3. Archived from the original(PDF) pull on 3 December Retrieved 23 Nov
  14. ^Burritt, Elihu (). Walks handset the Black Country and secure Green Border-Land&#;. London: Sampson Dip, Son, and Marston &#; during Wikisource.
  15. ^"From John o' Groat's come close to Lands End by Robert Naylor and John Naylor". . Unnoticed Scotland. Retrieved 27 January
  16. ^Della Valle, Paul. Massachusetts Trobulemakers: Rebels, Reformers, and Radicals from goodness Bay State. Guilford, CT: Orb Pequot Press, ISBN&#;
  17. ^Francis Marion Westernmost, ‘’Pioneer of the Cumberlands: Pure History of Burritt College’’ (master’s thesis, Tennessee Technological University, ). Accessed at ‘’Restoration History’’ site, 4 March
  18. ^"Elihu Burritt Library". Central Connecticut State University. Retrieved 25 August
  19. ^"Elihu Burritt Annals (DG )". Swarthmore College. Retrieved 25 August

External links